Editing The Murder of Al-Husayn: Maqtal Al-Husayn

{{Infobox book
| name = The Murder of Al-Husayn: Maqtal Al-Husayn
| image = The murder of Al husayn maqtal al husayn.jpg
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| author = [[Sayyed Abd Al-Razzaq Al-Musawi Al-Muqarram|Muqarram]]
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| language = English
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| published = 2015
| publisher = Fatima Books
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| pages = 358
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| En_title =
| translator =Rafic Laboun
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}}'''Maqtal al-Husayn''', known as '''Maqtal Muqarram''', is one of the most important [[Maqtal|Maqtals]] written about mourning for [[Imam Hussain|Imam Husayn]] and the [[battle of Karbala]] by Muqarram; it owes its significance to the numerous references it has. 

== About the book ==
The Maqtal of Muqarram was published in 1367 LNY in Arabic, and 25 years later, it was published in 1351SH. The latter was under the title of «[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=568573&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Chehreh Khunin Husayn Sayyid al-Shuhada]» (the bloody face Husayn Sayyid al-Shuhada) or «[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3213195&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Dastane Karbala]» (the story of Karbala), which was published after being translated to Persian by Aziz Allah Atarodi. Later Murteza Fahim Kermani translated and published the book under the title of «[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=545199&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Salare Karbala Husayn ibn Ali]» (The ruler of Karbala, Husayn ibn Ali).<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/418073/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%90-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%90-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%90-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%90-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7 Hayati, Peyvand Hayeh Tarikh Negari va Revayat Pardazi Adabi Dar Maqtal, page 42]</ref> «[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Roozeh Vaghee]» (The day of event) is the title of another translation of Maqtal Muqarram, published in 1381 HS and prepared by Aghighi Bakhshayeshi, who wrote an introduction to the book as well; this version, translated by Muhammad Mahdi Aziz Allahi Kermani, was published by Navid Islam publications in Qom with Azad Islamic University of Rafsanjan's cooperation. There are several editions of the titles mentioned above. Summarization of Maqtal Muqarram is also published with Hasan Jahandideh's translation.<ref>Sayyid Abd al-Zazagh Musavi Mughram, Payeh Hamin Rowzeh ha: Tarjomeh va Talkhis Maqtal Abl al-Razzagh Mughram be Hamrah Gorizeh Rowzeh, prepared by Hasan Jahandideh, Qom, Hasanat, 1398 (Payeh Hamin Rowzeh ha: Translation and summarization of Maqtal Abd al-Razzaq along with extracts of Rowzeh)</ref> Moreover, in 1399 LNY Dar al-Ketab al-Islami in Beirut published the Maqtal for the fifth time with an introduction by Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Muqarram.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3179293&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_authorhttp://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3179293&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_autho Esfandiari, the historical bibliography of Imam Husayn, p. 134]</ref>

This book is translated to English by  Rafic Laboun, and it was published in 2015 by Fatima Books. 

== About the author ==
[[Sayyed Abd Al-Razzaq Al-Musawi Al-Muqarram|Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq Musavi Muqarram]] (1316-1391 LNY/ 1277-1349) was born in Najaf, and later, he passed away in the same city.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Muqram, Rooze Vaghee or Maqtal Mughram, page 29 and 42]</ref> Some other books of his include:<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Mughram, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Mughram, page 38]</ref>

* al-Muhazerat Fi al-Figh al-Jafari 
* Ser al-Iman fi al-Shahada al-Salasah
* al-Imam al-Jawad
* al-Imam al-Reza
* al-Mukhtar ibn Obayd al-Saghafi
* al-Sayyedeh Sakineh
* Zayd al-Shahid

The introductions he wrote to Fiqh books like Nazir al-Amali by Sheykh Mufid and al-Malahem by Sayed Ahmad Ibn Tawus are among other works of his.<ref name=":0">[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Mughram, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Mughram, page 39]</ref> Additionally, Muqarram has some unpublished works like Ashura Fi al-Islam and Zekri al-Ma'asoomin.<ref name=":0" />

Some of Muqarram books other than the Maqtal, which is discussed in this text, are translated to Persian; to name a few examples the book al-Abbas (under the title of Sardare Karbala Hadrat Abul Fadl al-Abbas)<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=489294&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Sayyed Abd al-Razagh Musavi Mughram, Sardar Karbala Hadrat Abul Fadl al-Abbas PBUH, translated by Naser Pak Parvar, corrected by Huseyn Setad Vali. Qom: Moloud Ka'abe Publications, 1374]</ref> and Imam al-Sajjad, Zayn al-Abedin Ghoreh Ain al-Nazerin<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=4367170&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Sayyed Abd al-Razagh Musavi Mughram, Imam al-Sajjad PBUH, Zayn al-Abedin Ghoreh Ain al-Nazerin, translated by Parviz Lolavar. Tehran: Aram Del, 1396]</ref> can be referred to.

== Abstract of the book ==
The text of Muqarram 's Maqtal begins with the events after [[Mu'awiya|Mu'awiyah]]'s death and the start of [[Yazid]]'s reign. In the first serious part of the Maqtal, the author describes the situation of "a group that was afraid of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]] in this uprising." Imam's will before leaving Medina and the events that occurred simultaneously with Imam's presence in Mecca are stated afterwards. Mentioning Kufis' letters, the author writes: "in Mecca Imam received letters from Kufis, written by a single individual or a group of two, three or four people, inviting him to go there. They had written that they did not have a leader, and they did not attend Friday prayers or other congregational prayers along with Ne'man b. Bashir (the governor of [[Kufa]] appointed by Yazid)<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Mughram, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Mughram, page 63-64]</ref>

Most pages of Muqarram  Maqtal describe the events in [[Karbala]], from the time Imam arrived at Karbala till the time the prisoners were moved from Karbala. "Tef villages" is the title given to the parts of the book that describe the events related to Imam Hussain's arrival at Tef and Karbala.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Mughram, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Mughram, page 110]</ref> The latter events, especially the ones that took place in [[Ashura]] till the [[martyrdom]] of Imam, are restated by Muqarram with a high level of accuracy under 54 titles and in 56 pages.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Mughram, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Mughram, pages 137-193]</ref> To name only a few of the titles used by the author to describe the details of the events of the day, the following ones can be mentioned: Husayn’s prayers, the first sermon, generosity and guidance, ibn Sa’ad’s state of being misled,

[[Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi|Hurr]]’s repentance, the battle of two and four, the steadfastness of the right-wing, noontime, horses rolling in the ground, the martyrdom of [[Ahl Al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt]], [[Qasim b. al-Hasan|Qasim]] and his brothers, [[Abbas B. Ali B. Abu Taleb|Abbas]]’s brothers, Imam in the battle, the second farewell, prayers.

Muqarram even uses the footnotes to mention facts and describe issues and subjects. In such cases, most of the content regards reasoning. This method can be found in the text he wrote in one of the footnotes about clarifying the exact day of [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim ibn Aqil]]’s martyrdom. Moreover, the footnotes are a place for the author, Muqarram, to state his personal opinions. For instance, in the first pages of the book, when it is said that "Imam retold his dream during which Muawiya’s house got burnt, and his pulpit got inverted," the author explains in the footnote (number 4) that " it is not a secret that Imam's dream is seeing reality and seeing through the light of Imamat; the light that nothing can stop and by its medium, all the facts of the world are clear and as a result can be understood; it is clear that such a thing for someone who is Hujjat for the two worlds is not strange.  So what Imam meant by inverted was the fact that he lost control over the affairs, and as a result of his destruction, his lust stopped. The flames of fire referred to seditions like the Tef catastrophe, Harrah battle, the destruction of Bayt al-Haram, and other events.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Mughram, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Mughram, pages 48]</ref>

The book finishes after a brief description of the events related to imprisoning Imam’s family and taking them to Kufa and Sham, and their arrival to Medina.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Mughram, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Mughram, pages 277-281]</ref>

== The value and significance of the book ==
Muqarram’s  Maqtal is among the ones to which numerous references were given. The author did his best to arrange all the text and footnotes using the other Maqtals and historical and geographical sources. The number of the resources used by Muqarram to write his Maqtal is above a hundred, and a list of them is provided in the final part of the book. The footnotes of the book equipped with thorough explanations given by the author about the events, happenings, Rijal (significant people), characters and places, using primary historical sources and Salaf Maqtals are among the main features of the book; such footnotes are given to provide the reader to make the most of the text and get familiar with the events.

== Source ==

* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=3179293&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Esfandiari, Muhammad, Imam Hossein historical bibliography (Ketabshenasi Tarikhi Imam Hussain) , second edition, Isfahan, Arma Publication, 1400]
* [http://ensani.ir/fa/article/418073/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%90-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A8%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%90-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%90-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AA%D9%90-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%B9-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7 Hayati, Zahra, Peyvand Hayeh Tarikh Negari VA Revayat Pardazi Adabi Dar Maqtal, scientific-research periodical of literary criticism (Naghd Adabi scientific-research periodical) , year 12, number 48, winter, 1398]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=712213&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Musavi Muqarram , Sayyid Abd al-Razzaq, Roozeh Vagheeh or Maqtal Muqarram , translated by Aziz Allahi Kermani, introduction by Abd al-Rahim Aghighi Bakhshayeshi. Qom: Navid Islam publication, 1381]

== References ==
[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Written Works]]
[[Category:Works]]
[[fa:مقتل الحسین عليه السلام]]
<references />{{Bibliography of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category:Ancient Books]]
[[Category:Maqtal works]]