Editing Muharram (section)

==Month of Mourning==
All Muslims consider Muharram to be a sacred period, but it is the Shiʿa who have attached special significance to this month. For the Shiʿa, Muharram is a time to commemorate the [[martyrdom]] of the third Imam, Hussain ibn ʿAli, who was killed on the tenth day of the month ([[Ashura]]), at the battle of Karbala, Iraq, in 680 CE. The ritualized remembrance of Imam Hussain, his family, and his loyal supporters, who sacrificed their lives for the cause of Islam, extends far beyond Muharram to the months of Safar and al-Rabiʿ al-Awwal. These days of mourning (ayyam-e ʿaza) are a time for the Shiʿa to collectively remember and mourn Imam Hussain’s sacrifice and martyrdom, as well as to publicly affirm their loyalty to the family of the Prophet Muhammad ([[Ahl-e Bayt]]) and Islam. Over time, Muharram has come to refer to the collectivity of rituals performed to invoke Imam Hussain’s suffering and sacrifice, as well as to maintain the immediacy of Karbala in the Shiʿi collective conscience. <ref>[https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0136.xml#obo-9780195390155-0136-div1-0013.%20oxford%20bibliographies oxford bibliographies]</ref> 
Muharram is also important in the Sunni tradition, and the ninth and tenth days are days of fasting commemorating when Noah left the ark and when Moses was saved in Egypt. In many parts of the Islamic world, including South Asia and South Africa, Sunnis also participate in Muharram mourning rituals for Imam Hussain and his family, which is considered a way of paying respects to the Prophet Muhammad. Likewise, Muharram has been an occasion for Sunni-Shiʿi violence in places such as Pakistan and Iraq, and for Hindu-Muslim violence in India. <ref>[https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0136.xml#obo-9780195390155-0136-div1-0013. oxford bibliographies]</ref>