https://en.wikihussain.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Ali.mansoori&feedformat=atomWikihussain - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T04:50:48ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.39.1https://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Sa%27d_b._al-Harth_al-Ansari&diff=11625Sa'd b. al-Harth al-Ansari2019-12-30T16:06:03Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Made slight changes to improve grammar and flow</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name =<!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| Full name = Sa'd b. Harath (Harith) b. Salama al-Ansari al-'Ajlani al-Kufi<br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain <br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = Khazraj<br />
| Well known relatives = Abu l-Hutuf b. al-Harth al-Ansari (brother)<br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = Kufa<br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Karbala<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = Being one of Khawarij and participating in the Battle of Nahrawan<br />
}}<br />
'''Sa'd b. al-Harth al-Ansari''' (Arabic:سَعد بن الحَرث (الحارِث) الأنصاری) ([[martyrdom]] 61/680) was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. On the day of [[Ashura]], Sa'd was in the army of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|'Umar b. Sa'd]], when he heard [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussian]]'s call of help. He then changed his allegiance and began to defend Imam Hussain.<br />
<br />
==Battle of Karbala==<br />
===In the Army of Kufa===<br />
Sa'd was born into a family from Khazraj tribe. It is reported that Sa'd and his brother, Abu al-Hutuf b. al-Harth al-Ansari, were among the Khawarij in Battle of Nahrawan and had come from Kufa with the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd to fight with Imam Hussain.<br />
<br />
===Helping Imam Hussain===<br />
Sa'd's transformation happened during the afternoon of [[Ashura]]. After all the companions of Imam were martyred, Imam Hussain called, "Oh, isn't there any helper to help us? Oh, isn't there any defender to defend the family of the [[Prophet Muhammad|Prophet]]?" Women and children in the tents of Imam Hussain heard the call of Imam and began crying.<br />
<br />
When Sa'd and his brother, Abu l-Hutuf, heart the cries of the woman and children, they shouted the slogan of Khawarij, "No rule, but God's and no obedience to the one who has disobeyed Him", and then declared that "Hussain was son of the daughter of the Prophet, the intercession of whom for ourselves we wish on the Day of Judgment. How can we fight him while he is in such a state, has no helper, and stands alone in the desert of Karbala, asking for help?" <br />
<br />
They turned against 'Umar b. Sa'd's army and unsheathed their swords. Sa'd and his brother killed many soldiers until they too were martyred.<br />
<br />
However, another source narrates the story in a slightly different manner. It is said that after the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and when they heard cries of women, they attacked the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd and were martyred.<br />
<br />
==Debates Over the Authenticity of the Report==<br />
Muhaqqiq Shushtari raised doubts about the authenticity of this report. In his view, given the negative attitude of Khawarij about helping governments as well as the famous slogan of "No rule, but God's", it is improbable that they have helped Imam Hussain.<br />
<br />
In contrast, some argue that they were probably forced to accompany the army of Kufa. However, witnessing the cruelty of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd toward the family of the Prophet and the oppression of the Imam and his family turned their hearts toward Imam Hussain, similar to [[Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi|Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]].<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27d_b._al-Harth_al-Ansari WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Jawn_b._Huway&diff=11622Jawn b. Huway2019-12-30T15:55:06Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Removed emphasis on Africanness in Lineage section</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in his Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain #Mausoleums of the Martyrs of Karbala|shrine<br />
| Full name = <br />
| Companion of = Imam Ali • Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = Nubia<br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = <br />
| Death/martyrdom = Day of Ashura<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = <br />
}}<br />
'''Jawn b. Huway''' (Arabic: جَون بن حُوَی) was a slave of Abu Dhar al-Ghifari and supporter of the [[Ahl Al-Bayt|Ahl Ahlul Bayt]]. He was among the prominent martyrs. When he was martyred Imam al-Hussain came to his body and prayed for him.<br />
<br />
==Name==<br />
Al-Shaykh al-Mufid stated his name was Juwayn. al-Tabari called him Huway. Ibn Shahr Ashub stated his name as Juwayn b. Abi Malik. Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani, Shaykh al-Tusi and al-Sayyid b. Tawus stated his name as Jawn.<br />
<br />
==Life==<br />
Jawn originally came from Nubia. He was the slave of Fadl b. 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib and [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] bought him and gave him to Abu Dhar al-Ghifari. He served Abu Dhar until his demise in al-Rabada in 32/653. Afterwards he returned to Imam Ali and stayed with his descendants. Jawn was particularly skilled in repairing and preparing weapons. [[ʿAli b. al-Hussain|Imam al-Sajjad]] stated in this regard that Jawn was preparing weapons in the tent of Imam al-Hussain during the night before 'Ashura.<br />
<br />
==Battle of Karbala==<br />
Imam al-Hussain told Jawn that he did not need to fight in the Battle of Karbala. However Jawn replied,<blockquote>By God, I will never leave you until my blood is shed for you.</blockquote>According to one narration, Jawn entered the battle after [['Amr b. Qaraza|'Amr b. Qaraza]]. Another narration states that he entered the battle after he made his noon prayer on the day of Ashura. He was martyred after slaying twenty five enemy soldiers.<br />
After he was killed, Imam al-Hussain went to his body and made this supplication,<blockquote>Oh God, have his face bight and his smell delightful, have him resurrected with the good alongside [[Prophet Muhammad]] and Descendants of the Prophet his descendants.</blockquote>His body was buried along with other martyrs of the Battle of Karbala near the burial place of Imam al-Hussain. However Allama al-Majlisi stated that his body was found after ten days while it had beautiful smell. His name is also cited in Ziyarah al-Shuhada, when it states,<blockquote>Peace be upon Jawn the servant of Abu Dhar al-Ghifari.</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Jawn_b._Huway WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Amr_b._Qaraza&diff=11607Amr b. Qaraza2019-12-25T17:18:37Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Stylistic changes to improve flow. Reformatted dialogue</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in his Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain- Mausoleums of the Martyrs of Karbala|shrine<br />
| Full name = 'Amr b. Qaraza b. Ka'b al-Khazraji al-Ansari al-Kufi<br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = Shi'a<br />
| Lineage = Khazraj<br />
| Well known relatives = Qaraza b. Ka'b (father)<br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = <br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain, Karbala<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = It is reported that in the Day of 'Ashura, he stood in front of Imam al-Hussain as a shield and received every arrow shot at the Imam<br />
}}<br />
''' 'Amr b. Qaraza''' (Arabic: عَمرو بن قَرَظَة) (martyrdom 61/680) was one of the martyrs of the Battle of [[Karbala]]. His father was a prominent companion of [[Prophet Muhammad]] and [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]. Although Amr joined [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]'s army, his brother fought for [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|'Umar b. Sa'd's]] side.<br />
<br />
==Lineage==<br />
His father, Qaraza b. Ka'b was a transmitter of [[hadith]]s. As a companion of the Prophet, Qaraza b. Ka'b fought in the Battle of Uhud and other subsequent battles. During the rule of Imam Ali, he was appointed as the governor of [[Kufa]]. He also fought on the side of Imam Ali in several battles.<br />
<br />
==In Karbala==<br />
Before the day of [[Ashura]], Imam Hussain asked 'Amr b. Qaraza to deliver a message to 'Umar b. Sa'd to meet each other at night.<br />
<br />
Reports state that 'Amr stood in front of Imam Hussain as a shield from oncoming arrows. Before dying, he asked Imam, "Did I fulfill my promise?" The Imam answered: "Yes, you are in front of me in the paradise. Send my greetings to the Prophet."<br />
<br />
In [[Ziyarah al-Shuhada']], he is mentioned by name, when it says,<blockquote>Peace be upon 'Amr b. Qaraza al-Ansari</blockquote><br />
<br />
===Brother===<br />
'Amr's brother, named Ali (other sources name him as Zubayr), fought for the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd. When 'Amr was martyred, his brother addressed Imam Hussain,<blockquote>O liar! You deceived and fooled my brother and killed him!</blockquote>The Imam responded,<blockquote>God did not deceive your brother; but, He guided him and deceived you.</blockquote>His brother shouted back,<blockquote>May God kill me if I don't kill you!</blockquote>He then attacked the Imam, but Nafi' b. Hilal hit him with a spear and he fell on the ground. Some of Ibn Ziyad's forces then took him out of the battlefield.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/%27Amr_b._Qaraza WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category:Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Suwayd_b._Amr_al-Khath%27ami&diff=11606Suwayd b. Amr al-Khath'ami2019-12-25T17:03:26Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Minor stylistic changes to improve flow</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in Karbala<br />
| Full name = Suwayd b. 'Amr b. Abi Muta' al-Khath'ami <br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = Khath'am tribe<br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence =<br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Karbala<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = <br />
}}<br />
'''Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami''' (Arabic: سُوَیْد بْن عَمْرو الخَثْعَمی) was martyred shortly after the [[martyrdom]] of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]. Thus, he is known as the last martyr of [[Karbala]].<br />
<br />
==Lineage and Character==<br />
Suwayd b. Amr b. Abi Muta' al-Khath'ami was a nobleman from the Khath'am tribe. He was known as a pious man and a skillful and brave warrior.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 169.</ref><br />
<br />
==Battle of Karbala==<br />
Suwayd was the last person from Imam Hussain's army who went to the battlefield<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446.</ref>. He fought bravely against [[Yazid]]'s army until he was severely injured and fell down among other martyrs, where he was left for dead. However, Suwayd was still alive, and at some point heard people say that Imam Hussain had been killed. With great effort, he got back on his feet and continued to fight with a dagger (his sword had been taken by an enemy soldier) until he was martyred. It is said that [[Urwa b. Battan al-Tha'labi]] and [[Zayd b. Ruqad al-Junnabi|Zayd b. Riqad al-Janbi]] killed him.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 442; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 204; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 79.</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1977.<br />
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385 AH.<br />
*Samāwī, Muḥammad al-. ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Hussain''. Qom: Zamzam-i Hidāyat, 1384 Sh.<br />
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Suwayd_b._%27Amr_al-Khath%27ami WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Al-Hajjaj_b._Zayd_al-Sa%27di&diff=11608Al-Hajjaj b. Zayd al-Sa'di2019-12-25T16:59:35Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Minor changes to improve flow. Added link to article on Sulayman b Razin in discussion about letter to heads of Basra</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| Full name = Al-Hajjaj b. Zayd (Badr) al-Tamimi al-Sa'idi<br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain <br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = <br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = Basra<br />
| Death/martyrdom = Day of Ashura<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain <br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = <br />
}}<br />
'''Al-Hajjaj b. Zayd al-Sa'di''' (Arabic: الحجاج بن زید السعدی) was among the companions of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]] who was martyred in [[Karbala]].<br />
<br />
==Father==<br />
His father was a well known speaker who fought alongside [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] in the the Battle of Siffin. After the [[martyrdom]] of Imam Ali, [[Mu'awiya|Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] appointed him as the chief of the Shurta, but he declined the offer.<br />
<br />
==Battle of Karbala==<br />
Before departing to [[Kufa]], Imam Hussain wrote [[Sulayman b. Razin|a letter to the five chiefs of Basra]], inviting them to come to his aid. One of the chiefs, Mas'ud b. 'Amr al-Azdi, responded with a letter in which he mentioned his tribe's support for the Imam. He gave his letter to Hajjaj b. Zayd to deliver to the Imam. Hajjaj delivered the letter to Imam and stayed with him. He was martyred in the first attack of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd.<br />
<br />
Hajjaj's name is mentioned in [[Ziyara al-Shuhada]], when it states,<blockquote>Peace be upon al-Hajjaj b. Zayd al-Sa'di.</blockquote><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Al-Hajjaj_b._Zayd_al-Sa%27di WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category:Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Sa%27d_b._Harith_al-Khuza%27i&diff=11609Sa'd b. Harith al-Khuza'i2019-12-25T16:50:31Z<p>Ali.mansoori: I eliminated some details that took focus away from the main topic. For example, if he was not a Companion of the Prophet, there is no need to mention that some people mistakenly thought that he was. Also made minor changes to improve flow</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| image =<br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in Karbala<br />
| Full name = Sa'd b. Harith al-Khuza'i<br />
| Companion of = Imam Ali, Imam al-Hasan, Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = <br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = <br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the event of Ashura<br />
| Burial place = Inside the holy shrine of Imam al-Hussain , Karbala<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = Commander of Shurtat al-Khamis in Kufa, Governor of Azerbaijan, Participant in Battle of Karbala<br />
}}<br />
'''Sa'd b. Harith al-Khuza'i''' (Arabic: سَعد بن حارِث الخُزاعی) was a loyal companion of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], [[Hasan B. ʿAli B. Abi Taleb|Imam Hassan]], and [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]] who was martyred during the Battle of [[Karbala]]. <br />
<br />
==Companion of Imam Ali==<br />
Sa'd b. Harith held a wide range of positions during the life of Imam Ali. He was a servant of Ali b. Abi Talib, the governor of Azerbaijan, and the commander of Shurtat al-Khamis (a guard dedicated to Imam Ali) in [[Kufa]]. It is not known when Sa'd had these positions, but it can be inferred from historical books that he, like Qanbar, was among the Companions of Imam Ali and that the Imam appointed him to different positions. For example, Imam Ali appointed Sa'd as the inspector to the region under the control of Ziyad b. Abih.<br />
<br />
==Companion of Imam Ali's Sons==<br />
After the martyrdom of Imam Ali, Sa'd remained loyal to the [[Ahl al-Bayt]]. He became a companion of Imam Hassan and after his martyrdom, a companion of Imam al-Hussain. Sa'd accompanied Imam Hussain from Medina to Mecca and then to [[Karbala]]. Samawi wrote in ''al-Manaqib'', that Ibn Shahr Ashub has mentioned Sa'd in the list of the martyrs of the first attack.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27d_b._Harith_al-Khuza%27i WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Jabala_b._Ali_al-Shaybani&diff=11610Jabala b. Ali al-Shaybani2019-12-25T16:32:21Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Stylistic changes to improve flow</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image =<br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| Full name = Jabala b. 'Ali al-Shaybani<br />
| Companion of = Imam Ali, Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = Shi'a<br />
| Lineage = Banu Shayban tribe<br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = Kufa<br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = Participated in the Battle of Siffin, the Uprising of Muslim b. 'Aqil, and Battle of Karbala<br />
}}<br />
'''Jabala b. 'Ali al-Shaybani''' (Arabic: جَبَلَة بن عَلی الشَیبانی) was martyred at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He also supported [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] in the [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-the-quran/siffin-battle-of-EQSIM_00388 Battle of Siffin] and [[Muslim b. ʿAqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. 'Aqil]] in his uprising in [[Kufa]].<br />
<br />
==Before Karbala==<br />
Jabala b. 'Ali was from Banu Shayban tribe (a branch of Bakr b. Wa'il). He was famous for his bravery. According to some sources, he was in Imam Ali's army in the Battle of Siffin. He also accompanied Muslim b. 'Aqil in his uprising in Kufa. Before Muslim was [[martyrdom|martyred]], Jabala hid among his own tribe. Thus he escaped capture by ibn Ziyad. <br />
<br />
==During Karbala==<br />
When Imam [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]] reached Karbala, Jabala joined his army. He was then martyred in the first attack on the Day of [[Ashura]].<br />
<br />
[[Ziyarah al-Shuhada'|Ziyarat al-Shuhada]] mentions him by name, saying, <blockquote>Peace be upon Jabala b. 'Ali al-Shaybani</blockquote><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Jabala_b._%27Ali_al-Shaybani WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Sulayman_b._Razin&diff=11611Sulayman b. Razin2019-12-25T16:25:37Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Stylistic changes to improve flow</p>
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<div>'''Sulayman b. Razin''' (Arabic: سُلَیمان بن رَزین) was [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]'s messenger to the people of Basra. However, [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] learned about the Imam's letter and ordered to Sulayman's execution. Thus, Sulayman can be considered to be first martyr of the uprising of Imam al-Hussain.<br />
<br />
==Imam al-Hussain's Letter to the People of Basra==<br />
Imam al-Hussain sent Sulayman with a letter to Basra. In his letter, the Imam addressed the the five chiefs of Basra: Malik b. Musamma' al-Bakri, Ahnaf b. Qays al-Tamimi, Mundhir b. Jarud al-'Abdi, Mas'ud b. 'Amr al-Azdi, Qays b. Haytham, and 'Amr b. 'Ubayd Allah b. Mu'ammar.<br />
<br />
{{Quote<br />
| text =So, God chose Muhammad over His creation and honored him as His messenger and chose him for His mission. Then, God took him (his soul) while he was wishing well for the servants of God and delivered his mission (to the people); and we are his family, children and vicegerents; and we are the most deserved ones among the people for his position among them; But, our people passed us to reach that position and we accepted, because we disliked disunity and liked well-being and cordiality among people. However, we know that we deserve the right which belongs to us more than those who have taken it….I have sent my ambassador to you with this letter. I invite you to the Book of God and the tradition of the Prophet, because the tradition has died and illegitimate innovation has emerged. So, if you listen to my word and obey my order, I guide you to the path of growth. And peace be upon you and the mercy of God.<br />
| author =<br />
| title =<br />
| source =Tabari, ''Tarikh al-umam wa l-muluk'', vol. 5, p. 357<br />
| character =<br />
| multiline =<br />
| style =<br />
}}<br />
==Martyrdom==<br />
All the chiefs that received the letter of the Imam kept it secret except Mundhir b. Jarud, who was the father-in-law of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad. Mundhir took both the letter and Sulayman himself to Ibn Ziyad, who read it and ordered for Sulayman to be decapitated. In another source he is mentioned as being hanged.<br />
<br />
Both Sulayman's name and that of his murderer are mentioned in the Ziyarah al-Shuhada',<blockquote>Peace be upon Sulayman, servant of al-Hussain b. [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Amir al-Mu'minin]] and may the curse of God be on his murderer, Sulayman b. 'Awf al-Hadrami.</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sulayman_b._Razin WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]<br />
<references /></div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Harith_b._Nabhan&diff=11612Harith b. Nabhan2019-12-25T16:16:35Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Minor changes to improve flow. Removed sentence saying "He met the Prophet" because it was unclear if it was referring to Harith or Nabhan.</p>
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<div>'''Harith b. Nabhan''' was martyred in the battle of [[Karbala]].<br />
<br />
His father, Nabhan, was the slave of Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib. Nahban was a brave horseman who passed away two years after the [[martyrdom]] of Hamza.<ref>Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, ''Dhakhīrat al-dārayn'', p. 472.</ref> Harith was a companion of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] and [[Hasan B. ʿAli B. Abi Taleb|Imam al-Hasan]]. He accompanied Imam al-Hussain to Karbala and was martyred in the first attack of the army of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Umar b. Sa'd]].<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Ḥusayn (a)'', p. 98.</ref><br />
<br />
Harith b. Nabhan is a different person than Harith b. Nabhan al-Basri, who was a [[hadith]] transmitter.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 10, p. 108.</ref><br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
*Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa l-aʿlām''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1409 AH.<br />
*Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, ʿAbd al-Majīd al-. ''Dhakhīrat al-dārayn''. Qom: Zamzam-i Hidāyat, [n.d].<br />
*Group of authors. ''Maʿa l-rakb al-Ḥusayn''. Second edition. Qom: Taḥsīn, 1386 Sh.<br />
*Samāwī, Muḥammad al-. ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Ḥusayn (a)''. Qom: Maḥallātī, 1419 AH.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Harith_b._Nabhan WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt (a)]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Salim_b._Amr_b._Abd_Allah&diff=11623Salim b. Amr b. Abd Allah2019-12-25T15:54:48Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Make minor edit to improve flow</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size =250px <br />
| caption = '''The burial place of the martyrs of Karbala in the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain'''<br />
| Full name = Salim b. 'Amr b. 'Abd Allah Banu l-Madina al-Kalbi. <br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Teknonym = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = Shi'a<br />
| Lineage = Banu l-Madina al-Kalbi<br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = <br />
| Demise = <br />
| Cause of Demise = <br />
| Martyrdom = 61/681<br />
| Cause of Martyrdom = Event of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Karbala<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = Accompanied Muslim b. 'Aqil, Martyred in Karbala<br />
}}<br />
'''Salim b. 'Amr b. 'Abd Allah''' (Arabic: سالِم بن عَمْرو بن عَبْدالله, martyrdom: 61/681) was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He accompanied [[Muslim b. ʿAqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. 'Aqil]] in his uprising, and after Muslim's [[martyrdom]], left Kufa to join [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]'s army. <br />
==Helping Muslim b. 'Aqil==<br />
Salim b. 'Amr b. 'Abd Allah was a servant of the Banu l-Madina al-Kalbi tribe. As a [[Shiʿa|Shi'a]], Salim helped Muslim b. 'Aqil in his uprising, and after Muslim's martyrdom, was arrested by Kathir b. Shahab. He managed to escape [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd-Allah b. Ziyad]]'s prison and hide with his own tribe.<br />
==Joining Imam al-Hussain==<br />
After Imam al-Hussain's caravan reached Karbala, Salim and a number of people from Banu Kalb joined the Imam's army. He was martyred on the Day of Ashura. Ibn Shahrashub writes In the book ''Ibsar al-'ayn'' that Salim was martyred during the first attack on the Day of Ashura. However, the same author does not list Salim among the first martyrs in existing copies of his book ''Manaqib''.<br />
==Doubts About Existence==<br />
Salim is mentioned as martyr of Karbala in the version of Ziyara al-Shuhada that in the Hadith books ''Iqbal al-a'mal'' and ''Bihar al-anwar,'' with the phrase, "peace be upon Salim the servant of Banu l-Madina Kalbi". However, early Shiite sources of history and [http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1010 rijal] do not mention Salim among martyrs of Karbala. Furthermore, he is not mentioned in the version of [[Ziyarat al-Shuhada]] cited in [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]'s ''al-Mazar'' or in Ibn Mashhadi's'' Al-Mazar.'' Muhammad Taqi Shushtari has cast doubts over the existence of such a person.<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Salim_b._%27Amr_b._%27Abd_Allah WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Abu_l-Hutuf_b._al-Harth_al-Ansari&diff=11613Abu l-Hutuf b. al-Harth al-Ansari2019-12-23T07:40:14Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Made stylistic changes and improved for flow</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| Full name = Abu l-Hutuf b. al-Harth al-Ansari al-'Ajlani<br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya =<br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = Khazraj<br />
| Well known relatives = Sa'd b. al-Harth al-Ansari (brother)<br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = Kufa<br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Karbala<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = Being one of Khawarij and participating in the Battle of Nahrawan<br />
}}<br />
'''Abu l-Hutuf b. al-Harth al-Ansari''' (Arabic: أبوالحتوف بن حَرث (الحارث) الأنصاری) was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He initially fought in [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|'Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army but later he joined [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] 's side and was martyred.<br />
==Name and Lineage==<br />
He was also known as Abu l-Hutuf Salama b. Harth al-Ansari al-'Ajlani. According to later sources, his name was Abu l-Hutuf, and his father's name was Harth b. Salama al-Ansari al-'Ajlani. He was from [[Kufa]], from the Banu 'Ajlan clan, one of the Khawarij in Kufa, and from the Khazraj tribe in Medina who were from Ansar.<br />
==Joining Imam al-Hussain and Martyrdom==<br />
Abu l-Hutuf and his brother, Sa'd b. al-Harith (Harth) were part of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|'Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army that was fighting Imam al-Hussain. On the Day of [[Ashura|'Ashura]] when all of the Imam's companions were martyred except [[Suwayd b. 'Amr al-Khath'ami|Suwayd b. 'Amr b. Abi Muta']] and Bashir b. 'Amr al-Hadrami, the Imam asked for help, and women and children in his camp began to cry. When Abu l-Hutuf and his brother, Sa'd, heard the Imam's call and the cry of women and children from [[Prophet Muhammad|the Prophet Muhammad]]'s household, they said,<blockquote>There is no verdict except by God and we do not obey the one who committed sins; this is Hussain, the son of the daughter of our Prophet Muhammad. How can we fight him while he has no soldiers, while we hope for his grandfather's intercession on the Day of Judgment? </blockquote>At this point, the drew their swords and switched sides to Imam al-Hussain's army. After killing three people and injuring a number of others, they were both martyred in one place. <br />
al-Samawi relates a slightly different narrative In his ''Ibsar al-'ayn'', stating that Abu l-Hutuf and his brother, Sa'd, were martyred after Imam al-Hussain's martyrdom.<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Abu_l-Hutuf_b._al-Harth_al-Ansari An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Abd_Allah_b._Yaqtar&diff=11621Abd Allah b. Yaqtar2019-12-22T17:10:03Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Made improvements for style and flow. Removed some repetitive parts. Combined birth and childhood and parents section. Moved discussion to milk kinship to body of text rather than in introduction</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| Full name = 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar<br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = Banu Layth<br />
| Well known relatives = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = Medina<br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Killed by 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad<br />
| Burial place = <br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = Representative of Imam al-Hussain in Kufa<br />
}}<br />
'''ʿAbd Allah b. Yaqtar''' (Arabic:عبد الله بن یقطر ) was [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]'s representative in Kufa along with [[Muslim b. ʿAqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. 'Aqil]]. He was captured by Hussain b. Numayr, a commander of [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Ibn Ziyad]] in Qadisiyya. According to some sources, he refused to curse Imam Ali and Imam al-Hussain therefore was thrown off the Dar al-Khilafa. Other sources attribute this even to Qays b. Musahhar and have included 'Abd Allah among the martyrs of Karbala.<br />
<br />
==Lineage==<br />
'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar b. Abi 'Aqb Laythi was a descendant of Banu Layth b. Bakr b. 'Abd Manaf b. Kinana. He was known as the Rida'i brother of Imam al-Hussain, meaning that they were both suckled as infants from the same woman. Within many schools of Islamic thought, Rida has certain legal implications. Due to this relationship with the Imam, Ibn Hajar considered 'Abd Allah among the Companions. He was born in Medina.<br />
<br />
==Birth and Childhood==<br />
According to most historians, 'Abd Allah's father was named Yaqtar (al-Tabari is an exception and named him as Baqtar) and his mother was named Maymuna. Yaqtar was a servant of the Prophet and his wife, Maymuna, worked in the house of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]. According to some reports, 'Abd Allah was born three days before Imam al-Hussain. Thus Maymuna took care of Imam al-Hussain in his childhood. She became famous as Rida'i mother of Imam, although whether she actually suckled the Imam or just took care of him is disputed. Recent scholars do not accept that his mother suckled Imam al-Hussainand believe that Imam was not suckled by anyone other than Lady Fatima. <br />
<br />
==Ambassador to Kufa==<br />
Most scholars state that Imam al-Hussain sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar to Kufa with a letter to Muslim b. 'Aqil informing him of Imam's caravan heading off.<br />
<br />
However, there are alternate reports about the time of his travel to Kufa. Some state that he went to Kufa before Muslim and others state that he went there at the same time as Muslim and saw the betrayal of the people of Kufa. Many reports state that 'Abd Allah was captured and his mission remained unfinished.<br />
<br />
===Imam al-Hussain's Letter===<br />
<blockquote>In the Name of God, the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. From Hussain b. Ali to Muslim and his faithful brothers. Peace be with you. Praise be to God, there is no God other than Him. I received the letter of Muslim. That letter showed your unity and good thoughts of yours for helping us and taking back our lost rights. I ask God to make our destiny good and grant you best of rewards for your good deeds. I moved from Mecca to see you on Tuesday, 8th of Dhu l-Hijja, the Day of Tarwiya. When my representative comes to you, hasten in your affairs and try and be prepared that I will, God willing, meet you soon. May the blessings and mercy of God be upon you.</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Capture of 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar==<br />
Hussain b. Numayr or Hussain b. Tamim caught 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar and sent him to [[Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad|'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]]. Ibn Ziyad asked him to go up on the roof of the Dar al-Imara palace and curse at Imam al-Hussain and his father. He did go up on the roof of the palace, but instead of cursing, said, "O people, I am sent by al-Hussain. Help him against [[Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad|Ibn Marjana]] and Ibn Sumayya!" He also called Ibn Ziyad, "Vile, the son of vile".<br />
<br />
===Finding Muslim b. 'Aqil's Letter===<br />
Malik b. Yarbu' al-Tamimi showed a letter to Ibn Ziyad that he had taken from 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar. In that letter, it was written, <blockquote>To Hussain b. Ali b. Abi Talib. So, I inform you that a group of the people of Kufa who are such and such have given allegiance to you. When you receive my letter, move (towards Kufa) immediately because majority of people are with you and do not side with [[Yazid]].</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Martyrdom==<br />
Ibn Ziyad gave the order to throw 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar off the roof of the palace. This did not kill him, but broke his bones and left him in considerable pain. Then a man went down and beheaded him. When people in the area objected to his murder, the man stated he simply wanted to relive him of his pain. Al-Tabari states this man was 'Abd al-Malik b. 'Umayr al-Lakhmi. He was a judge during a period of [[Umayyad]] rule and was famous for mischief and wrong doing.<br />
<br />
In contrast, Ibn Kathir relates the same story to Qays b. Musahhar. He states that 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar was martyred on the Day of 'Ashura together with Imam al-Hussain. Al-Shaykh al-Mufid also counted him among the martyrs of Karbala on the Day of 'Ashura. Like Ibn Kathir, he considers Qays b. Musahhar to be the letter-bearer. He does also mention 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar in ''al-Irshad'', but considers it a weak report. <br />
<br />
This is while Ibn Sa'd reported 'Abd Allah was martyred on the first day of Ibn Ziyad arrival to Kufa, before the martyrdom of Muslim b. 'Aqil.<br />
<br />
Ibn Qutayba and Ibn Miskawayh have a slightly different narrative, stating that the person Imam al-Hussain sent with a letter to Muslim was Qays b. Musahhar, but that 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar was sent together with Muslim b. 'Aqil. When Muslim saw that people left him alone, he sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar back to Imam to inform him of what happened to him. However 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar was caught by Hussain b. Tamim and was sent to 'Ubayd Allah.<br />
<br />
===Imam al-Hussain and the Martyrdom of 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar===<br />
When Imam al-Hussain was informed about the martyrdom of 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar, he made a speech saying,<blockquote>O people! Our supporters abandoned us. Muslim, Hani, Qays b. Musahhar, and 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar were killed. </blockquote>Then, Imam turned to his companions and told them that they were free to leave if they wanted. Many of the people who had come with Imam for worldly desires left and only those who had come with him from Medina remained.<br />
<br />
==Reconciling the Contradicting Narratives==<br />
Some scholars have reconciled the contradicting narratives of whether 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar or Qays b. Musahhar were the letter bearer by deducing that both were given the task. As such, the Imam first sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar with a letter to Kufa. Then, he gave another letter to Qays b. Musahhar, but sent him to Kufa from another path. But they both were caught by the agents of Ibn Ziyad and were martyred in a similar manner. Thus, the Imam sent 'Abd Allah b. Yaqtar through a region called Hajiz and heard the news of his martyrdom in a place called Zubala. He sent Qays b. Musahhar from a place called Bayda and received the news of his martyrdom in a place called 'Udhayb.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Abd_Allah_b._Yaqtar An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Munjih_b._Sahm&diff=11615Munjih b. Sahm2019-12-22T16:25:28Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Made stylistic changes</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image = <br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = Burial place of martyrs of Karbala<br />
| Full name = Munjih or Munhij b. Sahm<br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = <br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = <br />
| Death/martyrdom = Day of Ashura, 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = <br />
}}<br />
'''Munjih b. Sahm''' (or Munhij) (Arabic: مُنْجِح أو منحج بن سهم) (d. 61/680) was among martyrs of the battle of [[Karbala]]. Munjih was a slave of [[ʿAli b. al-Hussain|Imam al-Sajjad]] who accompanied the caravan of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] to Karbala. <br />
<br />
==Biography==<br />
[[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] bought the mother of Munjih as a slave from Nufil b. Harith b. 'Abd al-Muttalib. She married another slave named Sahm who was Munjih's father. Munhij himself became a servant to Imam al-Sajjad.<ref>Al-Shīrāzī, ''Dhakhīra al-dārayn'', p.327.</ref><br />
<br />
When Imam al-Hussain left Medina to Mecca with his supporters and his family, Munjih also left Medina with his mother.<ref>Al-Shīrāzī, ''Dhakhīra al-dārayn'', p.327.</ref> Some sources stated that he accompanied the caravan of Imam al-Hussain.<ref>Samāwī, ''ʾIbsār al-ʿayn'', p.96.</ref><br />
<br />
==In the Battle of Karbala==<br />
Munjih was listed among martyrs of the battle of Karbala on the day [[Ashura]].<ref>Al-Mufīd, ''al-Ikhtiṣāṣ'', p.83; ʾIbn ʾAthīr, ''al-Kāmil'', vol.4, p.93; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa al-mulūk'', vol.5, p.469; ʾIbn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', p.478. </ref> However, the exact time of his [[martyrdom]] is not specifically known. One possibility is during the first wave of attack by the enemies of Imam al-Hussain, during which ten slaves of Ali b. Abi Talib and Imam al-Hussain were martyred according to Ibn Shahr Ashub.<ref>ʾIbn shahrāshūb, ''al-manāqib'', vol.4, p.113.</ref> The name of his murderer was Hassan b. Bakr al-Hanzali.<ref>Rassān, ''Tasmīya man qutil maʿa al-Hussain ʿalayhi l-salām'', p.152. </ref> The name of Munjih is specifically stated in Ziyara al-Shuhada as a martyr in the Battle of Karbala.<ref>ʾIbn Mashhādī, ''al-Mazār al-kabīr'', p.491.</ref><br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
*Husaynī al-Ḥāʾirī al-Shīrāzī, al-Sayyid Abd l-Majīd al-. ''Dhakhīrat al-dārayn fīmā yataʿallaq bimaṣāʾib al-Husayn ʿalayhi al-salām wa aṣḥābih''. Qom: Nashr-i Zamzam-i Hidāyat.<br />
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam.''Al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385AH-1965.<br />
*Ibn Mashhādī, Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar.''Al-Mazār al-kabīr''. Edited by Javād Qayyūmī Isfihanī. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī Wābasta bi Jāmiʿi-yi Mudarrisīn-i Hawza ʿIlmiyya Qom, 1419AH.<br />
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd l-Qādir ʿaṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.<br />
*Ibn shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī .''al-Manāqib''. Qom: Nashr-i ʿAllama. 1379AH.<br />
*Shaykh al-Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Nuʿmān al-.''Al-Ikhtiṣāṣ''. Qom: Kungiri-yi Shaykh-i Mufīd, 1413AH.<br />
*Rassān, Fuzayl b. Zubayr al-.''Tasmīyat man qutil maʿa l-Husayn ʿalayhi al-salām''. Qom: Nashr-i Āl l-Bayt, 1387AH.<br />
*Samāwī, Muḥammad b. Ṭāhir al-. ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Husayn ʿalayhi al-salām''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh-i Shahīd Mahallātī, 1419AH.<br />
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b.Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-fazl Ibrāhīm. 2end edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turāth, 1419AH.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Munjih_b._Sahm WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Sa%27id_b._%27Abd_Allah_al-Hanafi&diff=11616Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi2019-12-22T15:41:59Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Fixed grammar and made changes to improve flow</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = <!--default is the page name--><br />
| image =<br />
| image size = <br />
| caption = Burial place of martyrs of Karbala<br />
| Full name = Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi<br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = Banu Hanifa b. Lajim tribe<br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = Kufa<br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain, Karbala, Iraq<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = Participated in the Battle of Ashura<br />
}}<br />
'''Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi''' (Arabic: سعید بن عبد الله الحنفی) was a companion of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] who was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. As a prominent Shiite and a nobleman in [[Kufa]], he played a significant role in calling Imam al-Hussain to Kufa. He delivered several important letters of the Kufans to Imam al-Hussain. The final letter he delivered was [[Muslim b. ʿAqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. 'Aqil's]] letter to the Imam. From that point he accompanied the Imam from Mecca to [[Karbala]]. Sa'id is also remembered for his speech on the night before Ashura in which he proved his love for the [[Ahl Al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt]] and support of Imam al-Hussain.<br />
==Lineage==<br />
Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi was from the Banu Hanifa b. Lajim tribe, a clan of Banu Bakr b. Wa'il from the 'Adnan tribe. He was one of Kufa's famous nobleman of Kufa that was well-known for his courage and piety. In some accounts, his name was Sa'd.<br />
==Accompanying Imam al-Hussain==<br />
===Delivering the Last Letter of Kufans===<br />
After the death of [[Mu'awiya|Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]], the [[Shiʿa|Shiites]] of Kufa wrote several letters to Imam al-Hussain and invited him to their city. The third letter was delivered by Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi and [[Haniʾ b. ʿUrwa al-Muradi|Hani b. Hani al-Sabi'i]]. It was was written by [[Shabath b. Rib'i]], [[Hajjar b. Abjar|Hajjar b. Abjar]], Yazid b. al-Harith al-Shaybani, Yazid b. Harith, Yazid b. Ruwaym, 'Uzra b. Qays, [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi|'Amr b. Hajjaj]] and Muhammad b. 'Umayr. On some accounts, Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah was commissioned to deliver the letter to the Imam because he was so well-reputed that he could convince the Imam to come to Kufa.<br />
<br />
The letter began as such,<blockquote>In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. To Hussain b. Ali from the Shiite Muslims. Please come sooner because the people are waiting for you and their hearts are with you. Please hurry. Peace be upon you. Every place is green, fruits are ripe, and water wells are full. Please come; your army is ready, and peace be upon you.</blockquote>Imam al-Hussain wrote a reply to this letter and Sa'id delivered it to people of Kufa. The Imam appointed Muslim b. 'Aqil as his representative in Kufa. When Muslim entered Kufa, he stayed in [[al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]]'s house and delivered a speech for people. I 'Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri and Habib b. Muzahir also gave speeches in this assembly. Then Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi gave a speech and swore that he was resolved to helping Imam al-Hussain. Muslim b. 'Aqil gave Sa'id the responsibility to call Imam al-Hussain to Kufa. Sa'id returned to Mecca and delivered Muslim b. 'Aqil's letter to the Imam. He accompanied Imam al-Hussain from Mecca to Karbala.<br />
===In Karbala===<br />
On the night before Ashura, Imam al-Hussain called all his companions to gather behind the camp and gave a speech, asking them to take the hands of their friends and escape the land in the darkness of the night. The Imam said, "these people are after me, so there is nothing for you to be concerned about, and I will forgive you all".<br />
<br />
Sa'id was one of the companions who stood up and replied to the Imam,<blockquote>O, the son of the Prophet! I swear to God that we will never stop helping you so that God knows that we have obeyed the Prophet's will about his progeny. I swear to God that if I am killed and then restored to life, and my corpse is burned 70 times and my ashes are scattered by the wind, I will never give up on you. May I be sacrificed for you.</blockquote><br />
<br />
===Martyrdom===<br />
According to some accounts, Sa'id went to Imam al-Hussain after the noon prayer on the day of Ashura and asked for his permission to go to the battlefield. He went to the battlefield while chanting paeans and inflicted many casualties on the enemy's army before becoming martyred. <br />
<br />
A different account states that Sa'id was martyred after the noon prayer while protecting the Imam. When Imam al-Hussain was reciting the noon prayer, the enemy's army approached him. Sa'id guarding him by making himself a shield against the arrows thrown at the Imam and the other companions performing prayers. He was hit by arrows in his face, chest, sides, and hands. When he fell down and was dying, he made the following prayer,<blockquote>O, God! As you have cursed the people of 'Ad and Thamud, curse these people [that is, the army of Kufa]. O, God! Send my regards to your prophet and inform him of pains and injuries I have suffered in my body, since I have helped your prophet to achieve your rewards.</blockquote>It is said that Sa'id then turned to Imam al-Hussain, and said to him,<blockquote>O the son of the Prophet! Have I fulfilled my pledge?</blockquote>The Imam responded,<blockquote>Yes, you are in the heaven in front of me. </blockquote>It is said that when he was martyred, there were 13 arrows on his body in addition to injuries by swords and spears.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27id_b._%27Abd_Allah_al-Hanafi An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]</div>Ali.mansoorihttps://en.wikihussain.com/index.php?title=Wahb_b._Wahb&diff=11617Wahb b. Wahb2019-12-22T15:02:03Z<p>Ali.mansoori: Changed grammar, capitalization, and made changes to improve flow and readability</p>
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<div>{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)<br />
| name = Wahb b. Wahb<br />
| image = <br />
| image size = 240px<br />
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in his Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain #Mausoleums of the Martyrs of Karbala|shrine<br />
| Full name = <br />
| Companion of = Imam al-Hussain<br />
| Kunya = <br />
| Epithet = <br />
| Well Known As = <br />
| Religious Affiliation = <br />
| Lineage = <br />
| Well known relatives = <br />
| Birth = <br />
| Place of Birth = <br />
| Place of Residence = <br />
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680<br />
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala<br />
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain, Karbala<br />
| Professors = <br />
| Students = <br />
| Works = <br />
| Activities = <br />
}}<br />
'''Wahb b. Wahb''' (Arabic: وهب بن وهب) or '''Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. Hubab al-Kalbi''' (Arabic: وهب بن عبدالله بن حباب الکلبی) was among the companions of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] who was martyred at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. Wahb was a young Christian who converted to Islam by the guidance of Imam al-Hussain. He accompanied the Imam in his journey to Karbala and was martyred on the day of [[Ashura]].<br />
<br />
He was among those who were listed among martyrs of Karbala by the majority of sources, but there are some disagreements over his lineage. Some writers also doubted that a person called Wahb existed. Some sources only mentioned one person with this name in Karbala. However, more recent studies confirm the existence of the mentioned Wahb as well as another person with a similar name (Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr).<br />
<br />
==Name and Lineage==<br />
Although most sources have mentioned Wahb among martyrs of Karbala, they reported different names or lineages for him, such as:<br />
<br />
*Wahb b. Wahb<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161.</ref><br />
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. Hubab al-Kalbi<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 16.</ref><br />
*Wahb b. Janah (Hubab) al-Kalbi<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 105.</ref><br />
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi<ref>Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 104.</ref><br />
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah al-Kalbi<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 101.</ref><br />
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. Janab al-Kalbi al-Khwarizmi<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 15.</ref><br />
<br />
Some writers identified two different martyrs of Karbala who had the name of Wahb: Wahb b. Wahb and Wahb b. 'Abd Allah al-Kalbi.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 16; vol. 44, p. 320.</ref> Other sources consider both names to refer to a single individual.<ref>Mūsawī Zanjānī, ''Wasīlat al-dārayn'', p. 203.</ref><br />
<br />
==Theory of Innovation and Mistake==<br />
A group of scholars argue that there was no person named Wahb b. Wahb who participated in the battle of 'Karbala,<ref>''Maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-shuhadāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 76.</ref> and that his inclusion among the names is an error and innovation. They argue that Wahb b. Wahb is being confused with [[ʿAbd Allah b. ʿUmayr al-Kalbi|'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]], one of the martyrs of Karbala that was among the companions of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] and Imam al-Hussain and was mentioned in [[Ziyarah al-Shuhada]]' and Al-Ziyarah al-Rajabiyya li-l-Imam al-Hussain|al-Ziyarah al-Rajabiyya.<ref>Shūshtarī, ''Qāmūs al-rijāl'', vol. 10, p. 448.</ref><br />
<br />
On the other hand, other scholars argue that while similarities may exist between Wahb and [[Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi|'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr]], the existence of two separate individuals is still plausible due to several key differences in their narratives. For example, the sources described Wahb as Christian who converted to Islam under the guidance of Imam al-Hussain, while,they describe 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr as one of the oldest companions of Imam al-Hussain (who was never a Christian).<ref>Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn'', vol. 6, p. 381.</ref><br />
<br />
==Umm Wahb==<br />
Umm Wahb was the daughter of 'Abd from the family of Namir b. Qasit and the wife of 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr Kalbi. She was among the martyrs of Karbala. Some sources considered her the mother of Wahb b. Wahb.<ref>Shams al-Dīn, ''Yārān-i Ḥusayn (a)'', p. 112.</ref> However, a comparison of reports on the martyrs of Karbala shows that the mother of Wahb was a different person that had no relation with Umm Wahb, daughter of 'Abd Allah.<ref>Nāẓimzāda-yi Qummī, ''Aṣḥāb-i Imām Ḥusayn'', p. 597.</ref><br />
<br />
==Martyrdom==<br />
It is reported that Wahb went to the battlefield after Burayr b. Khudayr,<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 105; Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 104; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 101.</ref> or Ziyad b. Muhajir al-Kindi<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161.</ref> and before 'Amr b. Khalid al-Azdi, or Muslim b. 'Awsaja al-Asadi,<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 105.</ref> or Hilal b. al-Hajjaj.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161.</ref> There are different reports about his fight. It is said that he returned to his mother and wife in the middle of the fight and asked his mother if she was satisfied with him. His mother responded that she would be satisfied with him when he is killed in the way of Imam al-Hussain.<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 16; Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 258-259.</ref> There are also reports about his conversation with his wife .<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 16.</ref><br />
<br />
There are also disagreements about the way Wahb was martyred. <ref>See: Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161; Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 16.</ref> It seems that some reports are mixed with the events related to the [[Martyrdom]] of 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi. Additionally, other reports mentioned that his wife went to the battlefield, grasped his clothes and said , "I will not return until I am killed with you", and Imam al-Hussain returned her to the tent with the promise of receiving good rewards in the hereafter.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 106.</ref> It is said that Wahb killed twelve foot soldiers and nineteen horsemen of the army of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Ibn Sa'd]].<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 259.</ref> Then, he was taken captive and beheaded by the order of 'Umar b. Sa'd, who threw his head toward the army of Imam al-Hussain.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161; Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 15.</ref><br />
<br />
==In Media==<br />
The story of Wahb was shown in the 17th episode of the [[Mukhtar-nameh]] TV series. In this episode, Hamid Mirbaqiri played the role of Wahb. Mukhtar-nameh was a TV series directed by Dawud Mirbaqiri and dealt with the life and uprising of [[al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]] after the Event of 'Ashura. It was broadcasted from Channel One of the IRIB in 2010.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
<br />
*Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Futūḥ''. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1411 AH.<br />
*Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī & Muḥammad Ḥusayn Āshtīyānī. Qom: Nashr-i ʿAllāma, [n.d].<br />
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Al-Luhūf ʿalā qatlay al-ṭufūf''. Translated to Farsi by Aḥmad Fahrī Zanjānī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Jahān, 1353 Sh.<br />
*Khwārizmī, Muwaffaq b. Aḥmad al-. ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn''. Edited by Muḥammad al-Samāwī. Qom: Anwār al-Hudā, 1423 AH.<br />
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī et.al. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.<br />
*Pīshwāyī, Mahdī. ''Maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-shuhadāʾ''. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Imām Khomeini, 1389 Sh.<br />
*Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad. ''Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn''. Translated to Farsi by ʿAbd al-Hādī Masʿūdī. Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1388 Sh.<br />
*Nāẓimzāda-yi Qummī, Sayyid Aṣghar. ''Aṣḥāb-i Imām Ḥusayn az Medina ta Karbala''. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1390 Sh.<br />
*Qummī, Shaykh ʿAbbās. ''Nafas al-mahmūm''. Qom: Maktabat al-Ḥaydar, 1379 Sh.<br />
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Bāqir Kamariī. Tehran: Kitābchī, 1376 Sh.<br />
*Shams al-Dīn, Muḥammad Mahdī. ''Yārān-i Ḥusayn (a)''. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Bāqir Maʿmūrī. [n.p]: Intishārāt-i Kalamat al-Ḥaqq, 1385 Sh.<br />
*Shūshtarī, Muḥammad Taqī al-. ''Qāmūs al-rijāl''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1422 AH.<br />
<br />
==Source==<br />
<br />
*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Wahb_b._Wahb WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Individuals]]<br />
[[Category: Historical Characters]]<br />
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]<br />
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]</div>Ali.mansoori