Wikihussain - User contributions [en]

File:The Epic Saga of Hussein and His Legendary Martyrdom.jpg

2022-03-14T07:29:46Z

Faraji:

The Epic Saga of Hussein and His Legendary Martyrdom

The event of taff: the earliest historical account of the tragedy of Karbala

2022-03-07T10:37:43Z

Faraji: Created page with "The book '''''The event of taff: the earliest historical account of the tragedy of Karbala''''' aims to convey the message of Islam to the people of the world.{{Infobox bo..."

The book '''''The event of taff: the earliest historical account of the tragedy of [[Karbala]]''''' aims to convey the message of Islam to the people of the world.{{Infobox book
| name = The book The event of taff
| image = The book The event of taff.jpg
| caption =
| alt =
| author = [[Abu Mikhnaf]]
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code =
| title_working =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| language = Arabic
| series =
| subject =
| genre =
| published =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| wikisource =
| fulltext =

| En_title =
| translator =
| En_publisher =
| En_fulltext =
}}

== '''About the author''' ==
'''Abu Mikhnaf''' was born in the second half of the 1st/7th century in [[Kufa]]. He has written many books. According to al-Najashi, [[Abu Mikhnaf]] has written twenty-eight books; also Ibn al-Nadim mentioned thirty books, including: the books on the death of 'Uthman b. 'Affan, the Battle of Siffin, [[Maqtal]] of Muhammad b. Abi Bakr, Maqtal of Amir al-Mu'minin. There is no evidence proving that Abu Mikhnaf was a Shi'ite Muslim, but there are reasons that show he respected Ahl al-Bayt and loved them.

== '''About the book''' ==
This book written by Abu Mikhnaf and translated into English by Umar Kumo was published in ABWA Publishing and Printing Center. It has 434 pages.

This book is a collection of reports of those who narrated the events of Karbala directly or indirectly to Abu Makhnaf (the total number of them is thirty-nine that have brought sixty-five narrations along with their complete documents (Musnad).

== '''Abstract of chapters''' ==
The Detailed List of the Narrators

In this chapter, the author divides those who witnessed the war [in Karbala] and narrated it to him into six lists and explains about each group and their type of report in detail.

=== Al-Husayn in Madinah ===
When Mu’awiyah became afflicted with the illness that took his life, he called upon his son Yazid and said:

My dear son! the grounds are prepared for you and I have produced a consensus [among Arabs] in favor of you and anyone will contend with you in this matter which has already been settled in your favor, except for four people from the Quraish that one of them is Husayn bin ‘Ali. If he were to rise against you and you were to gain victory over him, then you should pardon him; for he belongs to an important family and has a great right [on the people]!

=== Husayn in Makkah ===
Husayn bin ‘Ali set out for Mecca and entered the city on the night of the third Friday of Sha'ban. He stayed there during all Sha'ban, the month of Ramadan, Dhi Al-Qaeda, and the first eight days of Dhi Al-Hijjah. The people of Mecca came and went to him, as well as others who came for Umrah and those who were from other places.

==== The Events in Kufah After the Arrival of Muslim Bin ‘Aqil ====
This chapter is about Hani’ bin ‘Urwah and Muslim Bin ‘Aqil and their martyrdom.

==== Al-Husayn’s Departure from Makkah ====
Hussein left Mecca on the eighth Tuesday of Dhu al-Hijjah, the day of Tarwiyyah, the same day that Muslim ibn Aqeel began his uprising.

* The Stations on the Way to Kufah
* The Events from the 3rd to the 8th of Muharram
* The Events of the 9th of Muharram

These three chapters are a detailed report of the stations that Hussein and his companions passed through on the way to Kufa and what happened to them in the first nine days of Muharram.

==== The Events of the Night of ‘Ashura’ ====
Here, Husayn gathers his household and his companions and after appreciating them, advises them to get scattered to their [respective] residences and cities so that may Allah deliver [them]; for his enemies are after him only, and if they get hold of him they will not be concerned about the rest.

==== The Day of ‘Ashura’ ====
On the day of ‘Ashura’ –which fell on Saturday- ‘Umar bin Sa‘d offered the morning prayers and then came out with his men. When the cavalry approached al-Husayn, the mountain [prayed] for him and he rode on it. Then, in a loud voice, which most people heard, he gave his first speech:

If you accept my excuse, believe in what I say and give me justice, you will become happier through that and you will have no reason to fight against me. [But] if you do not accept my excuse and do not give me justice of your own accord, ‘So conspire together, along with your partners, leaving nothing vague in your plan, then carry it out against me without giving me any respite.’7 ‘My guardian is indeed Allah who sent down the Book, and He takes care of the righteous.’

==== The Beginning of the Battle ====
Umar bin Sa‘d advanced towards [the camp of al-Husayn] and put an arrow in his bow and let it fly. He was the first [person] to shoot. When ‘Umar bin Sa‘d came closer and shot an arrow. Then Hussein's allies, one by one, asked him for permission to fight and the people began to shoot at each other.

==== The Martyrdom of the Companions of Al-Husayn ====
One by one, Hussein's companions proudly went forward and fought with strength. Suwaid bin ‘Amru bin Abi Muta’ al-Khath’ami was the last person [from among al-Husayn’s companions] to be killed. When al-Husayn was killed and he heard them saying: ‘Al-Husayn has been killed!’, he regained consciousness. He had a knife with him, so he [got up and] fought them with his knife for a while until Zayd bin Ruqad al-Janabi and ‘Urwah bin Battar al-Taghlabi killed him.

==== The Martyrdom of the Family Members of Al-Husayn ====
Husayn's family members, like his companions, sought Hussein's permission one by one to fight and were martyred:

* Ali bin al-Husayn al-Akbar
* Qasim bin al-Hasan
* Abbas bin ‘Ali and His Brothers
* the Infant of al-Husayn
* the Two Sons of ‘Abdullah bin Ja’far
* the Members from the Household of ‘Aqil
* other Two Sons of al-Hasan bin ‘Ali

=== The Martyrdom of Al-Husayn ===
Zur’ah bin Sharik al-Tamimi struck Al-Husayn on his palm and struck [another blow] on his shoulder. Thus, he would [try to] stand, but would fall prostrate on his noble face. In such a condition, Sinan bin Anas al-Nakha’i stabbed him with a spear such that he fell [to the ground]. No one would get closer to al-Husayn except that Sinan bin Anas would charge on him, fearing that the head of [al-Husayn] may fall in the hands of someone else. He then bent down, slaughtered him and separated his head. Thereafter, he handed [the head] to Khauliyy bin Yazid [al-Asbahi].

Al-Husayn was plundered of all that was on him…

==== After The Martyrdom of Al-Husayn ====
After the martyrdom of Husayn, the looting of the tents started. The people turned to the womenfolk of al-Husayn, plundering them, his belongings and provision, the [Yemeni] dye1, the garments and the camels. [The people] would wrest the clothes of the women from their backs and take them.

==== The Household of Al-Husayn in Kufah ====
Umar bin Sa‘d remained [there for the rest of] the day of Ashura and the next day. He ordered the heads of the remainder [of al-Husayn’s followers who had been slain] to be cut off. He then sent seventy-two heads with Shamir bin Dhi al-Jaushan, Qais bin Ash’ath, ‘Amru bin al-Hajjaj and ‘Azarah bin Qais. They journeyed until they brought them to ‘Ubaidullah bin Ziyad. He then ordered Humaid bin Bukair al-Ahmari to summon the people for the journey to Kufah. He took with him the daughters and sisters of al-Husayn, the children, and ‘Ali bin al-Husayn who was [still] sick.

==== The Household of Al-Husayn in Sham (Syria) ====
Ibn Ziyad summoned Zahr bin Qais, with whom were Abu Bardah bin ‘Auf al-Azdi and Tariq bin abyan al-Azdi, and sent them with the head of al-Husayn and those of his companions to Yazid bin Mu’awiyah. He then ordered for the womenfolk of al-Husayn and his children, so they got ready. Shackles were put on the neck of ‘Ali bin al-Husayn on his order. Then he sent [the caravan] under the command of Muhaffaz bin Tha’labah al-‘A’idhi [al-Qarashi] and Shamir bin Dhi al-Jaushan. So they set out with them [towards Sham] and entered upon Yazid.

==== The Household of Al-Husayn in Madinah ====
When Household of Al-Husayn intended to return from Sham, Yazid bin Mu’awiyah orderd Nu’man bin Bashir to prepare for them whatever they need and send a righteous and trustworthy person from among the people of Sham with them.

=== '''Questions''' ===

# What is the achievement of the narration of the lord of the martyrs, Abu ‘Abdillah?

This event teaches that true honor and life lies only in confronting the tyrants, even though it may lead to sacrificing lives and being killed at the hands of the oppressors.

== Source ==

* [https://www.amazon.com/Earliest-Historical-Account-Tragedy-2015-11-13/dp/B01K92FSOG/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=The+event+of+taff%3A+the+earliest+historical+account+of+the+tragedy+of+Karbala&qid=1646648776&s=digital-text&sr=1-1#detailBullets_feature_div Abu Mikhnaf, The Event of Taff, The Earliest Historical Account of the Tragedy of Karbala by Abu Mikhnaf, 2015.]

[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Written Works]]
[[Category:Works]]

File:The book The event of taff.jpg

2022-03-07T10:36:47Z

Faraji:

The book The event of taff

SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA

2022-03-07T08:57:53Z

Faraji: Created page with "The book '''''SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA''''' is a set of related questions and answers for shi'i Muslims. ''' ''' {{Infobox book | name = SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBAL..."

The book '''''SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA''''' is a set of related questions and answers for shi'i Muslims. ''' ''' {{Infobox book
| name = SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA
| image = SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA.jpg
| caption =
| alt =
| author = [[Seyyed Sadegh Hosseini Shirazi]]
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code =
| title_working =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| language =
| series =
| subject =
| genre = Historic
| published =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| wikisource =
| fulltext =

| En_title =
| translator =
| En_publisher =
| En_fulltext =
}}

=='''About the author'''==
'''Seyyed Sadegh Hosseini Shirazi''', known as Seyyed Sadegh Shirazi, is the title of one of the nobles of [[Karbala]] who was born in Iraq on 20 Dhul-Hijjah 1360 AH (18 December 1320 AH) and due to his family customs, at the age of 10 without having Enough benefit from religious teachings, he dressed as a clergyman and after the death of his mujtahid father Ayatollah Seyyed Mehdi Hosseini Shirazi on 28 Shaban 1380 AH (February 1339 AH), he quickly declared himself a mujtahid and along with other members Beit Pader called his elder brother Seyyed Mohammad the source of imitation.

=='''About the book'''==
This book written by Seyyed Sadegh Hosseini Shirazi and translated into English by Brother Tawhidi was published in Ansariyan Publications (December 5, 2013). It has 41 pages, and includes a compilation of questions that have been directed to The Eminent Grand Islamic Authority Ayatollah Sayid Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi along with their answers, teachings and phrases that have been translated for the benefit of Muslims residing in Western and English speaking countries.

=='''Abstract of chapters'''==
All 31 questions of the book revolve around the pilgrimage to the grave of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussein]] and the amount of reward and its positive effect for the pilgrim. The author does not suffice to give a short answer to each question and reassures the audience by referring to valid narrations and encourages them to do more research.

One of the questions in the book:

'''Question''' ('''26'''): It is apparent from the narrations previously mentioned that the reward of one who visits Imam Hussain is not limited to the period of visitation alone.

Are there narrations narrated in this regard that may clarify this matter?

'''Answer''': Indeed, the narrations reported previously are mere examples and not all of what had been narrated regarding the reward of visiting the shrine of Imam Hussain. I shall report another narration as an example, and you are also able to research in this respect and you shall find various narrations:

Abdullah Ibn Meymun had stated:“I asked Imam Sadiq: what is the reward of the person who visits the grave of Imam Hussain without being arrogant and disdained while knowing the right of Imam Hussain?

The Imam replied saying: One thousand accepted Hajj performances shall be written for him, along with one thousand accepted Umrahs'. And if he was listed to be punished, he shall be written as a happy person, and shall remain engaged in the mercy of Allah Almighty.”

It has also been mentioned in another narration that there is a noble status for the visitor of Imam Hussain, to the point that the close angels to Allah Almighty i.e. Angels Gabriel and Michael accompany the visitor to his home after he exits the shrine of Imam Hussain, as narrated from Imam Sadiq: “The one who visits the grave of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]] while wanting Allah Almighty, angels Gabriel, Michael and Azrael shall accompany him until he returns to his home”

==Source==

*[https://www.amazon.com/SECRETS-VISITING-KARBALA-Ayatollah-Hussaini-ebook/dp/B00H572ML6 Ayatollah Sayid Sadiq Hussaini Shirazi, Secrets behind visiting Karbala, 1392.]

[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Written Works]]
[[Category:Ancient books]]

File:SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA.jpg

2022-03-07T08:51:14Z

Faraji:

SECRETS BEHIND VISITING KARBALA

Zuhayr b. al-Qayn

2022-02-26T16:03:52Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Zuhayr b. al-Qayn al-Bajali
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Al-Bajila tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Event of [[Ashura]]
| Burial place = [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Commander of the right wing of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]'s army in the Event of [[Ashura]]
|Native name=زهیر بن القین}}
'''Zuhayr b. al-Qayn''' (Arabic: زهیر بن القین) was a senior member of the al-Bajila tribe who was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He was a noble man and highly respected in virtue of participating in many battles. In some sources, al-Qayn—Zuhayr's father—is mentioned as one of the companions of [[Prophet Muhammad|the Prophet]]. Zuhayr was a among prominent companions of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]] and a high-ranking member of his army.

==Joining to the Imam Hussain's army==
Zuhayr was an advocate of Uthman. In 60/680, Zuhayr and his wife were returning from hajj pilgrimage to [[Kufa]] together with their relatives and fellows, met Imam Hussain and his companions in a resting area on the way, called [[Zarud]]. Imam Hussain and his companions were also on their way to [[Kufa]]. According to al-Dinawari, the meeting occurred in [[Zarud]] resting area.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246.</ref>

Imam Hussain sent a messenger to Zuhayr and asked him for a meeting. Zuhayr was first reluctant to meet the Imam, but when his wife, Daylam or Dalham, the daughter of Amr,<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref> encouraged him to do so, he went to Imam Hussain. The meeting changed the course of his life. After the meeting, he happily went back to his family and friends, and had his camp and stuff moved near Imam Hussain's camp.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 298.</ref>

Zuhayr said farewell to his wife, and, based on another account, divorced her, and told her: "I am going to be martyred besides Imam Hussain. You go back to your family together with your brother because I do not want you to see anything harmful from me".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 396.</ref>

Zuhayr then asked his companions to join him if they are willing to be martyred; otherwise, this would be their last visit. According to some sources, Salman b. Mudarib—Zuhayr's cousin—accompanied him and joined Imam Hussain's army.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 246-247.</ref>

==Speech in Dhu Husam==
Encountered [[Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi|Hurr b. Yazid]]'s army, Imam Hussain delivered a speech in Dhu Husam area. In this speech, Imam mentioned to many changes happened to the world, corruptions dominant in the society, and the insignificance of this-worldly life.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 396.</ref> When the Imam's speech was over, Zuhayr was the first one who declared his obedience of Imam Hussain. The Imam prayed for him and appreciated him.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 171; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 305.</ref>

==Suggestion of Attack on Hurr's Army==
On second of [[Muharram]], 61/October 2, 680, Imam Hussain's caravan arrived in Ninawa. At the same time, a messenger from [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] delivered a letter for Hurr in which Ibn Ziyad ordered him to remain strict on Hussain and force him to dwell in a desert with no water. Hurr informed the Imam of the letter. Imam Hussain asked Hurr to let him dwell in Nineveh, Ghadiriyya or Shufayh. But Hurr replied that this was not possible since Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad had spies there.

Zuhayr suggested to Imam Hussain to attack Hurr's army, since it is easier to fight with them than with the group that was about to arrive. But Imam Hussain replied that "I will not start the war".

Zuhayr proposed another idea and suggested to dwell in a land near the Euphrates called al-Aqar, since it had natural ramparts. He proceeded on his suggestion and said if the army of Hurr would prevent them from going there they would fight the army of Hurr since fighting them is easier than the army that will come after. Imam Hussain said: "I refuge to God from al-Aqar!"<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 251-252; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 167; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 51-52.</ref>
==On the Day of Tasu'a==
In the afternoon of [[Tasu'a]], Imam Hussain's sent his brother, [[Abbas B. ʿAli B. Abu Taleb|Abbas b. Ali]] to [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Umar b. Sa'd]]'s camp to see what they had in mind. Abbas and twenty of Imam Hussain's companions, including Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and [[Habib b. Muzahir]], went to the enemy's army and asked them what they wanted and what they had in mind.

They said: "we are ordered to fight you if you do not abide with Ibn Ziyad's orders". Abbas told them to wait until he delivers the message to Imam Hussain. They agreed and waited for the reply. In the meanwhile, Habib b. Muzahir and Zuhayr b. al-Qayn seized the opportunity to preach Umar b. Sa'd's army.

Uzra b. Qays (from Umar b. Sa'd's army) said:

"O' Zuhayr! You were not a Shiite (follower) of this household and were an advocate of Uthman!"

Zuhayr replied:

"Does not my being here mean that I am with them now? I swear to God that I never wrote a letter to al-Hussain b. Ali and never sent a messenger to him and never promised to help him, but our paths met and when I met him and remembered the Prophet and al-Hussain's place for him and learned that he was going to his enemy and your party, then I decided to help him and be in his group and sacrifice my life for the right of God and the Prophet that ignored by you."

==The Night Before Ashura==
The night before Ashura, Imam Hussain gave his companions and household the permission to leave him and save their lives. However,all companions declared their allegiance and faithfulness to him. After members of Imam Hussain's household expressed their allegiances, [[Muslim b. Awsaja al-Asadi]] declared his faithfulness. Then Zuhayr b. al-Qayn stood up and said:

"I swear to God that I want to be killed, then be alive again, and then be killed again for a thousand times so that God protects you and your household from being killed".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 318; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 92.</ref>

==Commandership of the Right Front of the Army==
On the day of [[Ashura]], after the morning prayer, Imam Hussain appointed Zuhayr b. al-Qayn as the commander of the right front of his army, and Habib b. Muzahir as the commander of its left front. He gave the flag to his brother, Abbas.<ref>Dīnawarī, ''al-Akhbār al-ṭiwāl'', p. 256; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 187; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 320.</ref>

==Preaching the Army of Umar b. Sa'd==
On the day of Ashura when the two armies finally confronted, Imam Hussain preached the army of enemy. After the Imam's speech, Zuhayr b. al-Qayn asked the Imam to let him give a speech. He addressed the people of Kufa and warned them about fighting with Imam Hussain. But the army of Umar b. Sa'd responded by cursing Zuhayr and praising Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad, and insisted on the war. Finally, Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan threw an arrow to him.

Someone from Imam Hussain's army called Zuhayr and told him that:

Imam Hussain told you to come back. As the believer from the Pharaoh's household preached his tribe but to no avail, you too have preached them enough.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 323-324; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 63-64</ref>

===Zuhayr’s Speech===
(Tabari) Azdi says that As’ad Shami related to me from one of his tribesman named Kaseer bin Abdullah Sha’abi, who was present in Karbala, that when we laid siege upon Imam Hussain, Zuhayr bin Qayn came towards us riding a horse with a thick tail, and he was well-equipped with arms.

He said, “Beware of the wrath of Allah. It is obligatory upon a Muslim to advice his brother Muslim. We are still brothers of one another and followers of the same Religion. Until the swords have not separated us, we are of the same creed, thus advising you is obligatory upon me. But when the swords come in between us, the bond of brotherhood will break off, then we will be another nation and you another one. Allah the Almighty has tied us by means of the progeny of Prophet Muhammad so that He may be aware as to what you and we do. We now invite you to assist him (Imam Hussain) and call upon you to abandon the unruly son of the unruly father Ubayd Allah bin Ziyad, from whom you have witnessed and seen nothing except evil. They pierce rods into your eyes, amputate your hands and feet, they hang you upon the gallows and cut off your ears and nose. And they kill the virtuous and the intellectuals among you viz. Hujr bin Adi and his companions, [[Haniʾ b. ʿUrwa al-Muradi|Hani bin Urwa]], and others similar to them.”

The narrator says that when they heard this speech, they started abusing Zuhayr and praising Ubayd Allah and said, “By Allah! We shall not retreat back from here until we have killed your master and all those who are along with him or to dispatch him along with his companions to the commander Ubayd Allah in peace.”

Then Zuhayr said, “O servants of Allah! The son of [[Fatima]] is more worthy for friendship and aid than the son of Sumayyah. If you do not assist him, then by Allah give him refuge and do not kill him. Take him to the presence of his cousin Yazid. By my life! Yazid will be pleased with you if you do not kill him.” Hearing this [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan|Shimr]] shot an arrow at him and said, “Be quite, may your voice be subdued! Verily you have exhausted us through your excessive speech.”

Zuhayr replied, “O son of a nomad! I am not speaking to you. Verily you are an animal and by Allah! I am of the opinion that you cannot even recite two verses of the Qur’an accurately. Then I give glad tidings to you of the disgrace and irksome wrath on the day of Qiyamah.” Shimr said, “Very soon Allah will kill you and your master.”

Zuhayr said, “Are you frightening me by death? By Allah! Dying with the Imam is more preferable in my eyes than immortality with you.” Then Zuhayr turned towards the other people and said, “O slaves of Allah! Beware lest these base oppressors and their accomplices may deceive you. By Allah! The intercession of Muhammad shall not reach them, who will spill the blood of his Progeny and his family, and kill those who assist them or defend their sanctity.” Then a person called out to him saying, “Abu Abdullah (Imam Hussain) says that by my life O Zuhayr! Return back. Verily you have advised and admonished like the believer of the people of Fira’un had advised and admonished his community.”

==Zuhayr's Fame Among People of Kufa==
Zuhayr was known as a brave, distinguished and prominent figure of Kufa. Thus he was challenged to individual battles by Salim and Yasar—servants of Ziyad b. Abih and Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad—who were chanting paeans. When [[Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi|Abd Allah b. Umayr al-Kalbi]] went to fight with them, they told him: "we do not know you. Let Zuhayr b. al-Qayn or Habib b. Muzahir come and fight with us".<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 327; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 101.</ref> Zuhayr raised to smash them, but Imam al-Hussain did not let him go, and sent Abd Allah b. 'Umayr to fight them.

==Preventing the Attack on Imam's Camps==
[[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]], accompanied with a number of his soldiers, invaded Imam Hussain's camp from the back. Shimr hit the Imam's camp with a spear and cried: "bring a fire so that I burn the place with its residents". Imam Hussain replied: "O' the son of Dhi l-Jawshan! You need fire to burn the camp and my household? May God burn you with fire!" At this time, Zuhayr and ten people from his companions attacked Shimr and his soldiers and forced them out. Zuhayr killed Abu Izza al-Dababi—a friend and a relative of Shimr.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 334; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 69-70.</ref>
==Joint Battle==
After the [[martyrdom]] of Habib b. Muzahir, Zuhayr and Hurr went to the battlefield. They supported one another; whenever one was surrounded by the enemies, the other helped him out. They fought until Hurr was martyred and Zuhayr went back to the camp.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 336; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 71.</ref>
==Protection of Worshipers at the Noon of Ashura==
On the day of Ashura, Imam Hussain and some of his companions were saying noon prayers while Zuhayr b. al-Qayn and [[Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi|Sa'id b. Abd Allah al-Hanafi]] protected them against the attacks of the enemy. They shielded themselves against the arrows until the prayer was finished.<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 20.</ref>
==Martyrdom==
Zuhayr went to the battlefield with Imam's permission. It is said that he killed about 120 people from the enemy's army, and was eventually martyred by Kathir b. Abd Allah al-Sha'bi and Muhajir b. Aws al-Tamimi.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 196; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 4, p. 336.</ref>
==Imam al-Hussain's Pray for Zuhayr==
When Zuhayr was martyred, Imam Hussain prayed for him thus: "O, Zuhayr! May God bless you with His mercy and curse your killers with an eternal curse, like that of Israelites who were transshaped by God."<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 20.</ref>
==Zuhayr's Name in Ziyara al-Shuhada'==
Zuhayr b. al-Qayn is mentioned in [[Ziyara al-Shuhada']] as follows:

"Peace be upon Zuhayr the son of al-Qayn al-Bajali; when the son of the Prophet gave him the permission to leave, he replied: 'I swear to God that I will never abandon the son of the Prophet —may peace be upon him and his progeny. Do I leave the son of the Prophet while he is surrounded by the enemies and save my life? May such a day never come!"<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', vol. 3, p. 77-78.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==

*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf, 1977.
*Ibn al-Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1965.
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl''. Edited by Jawād Qayyūmī. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1376 Sh.
*Khwārizmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn''. Edited by Muḥammad al-Samāwī. Qom: Maktabat al-Mufīd, [n.d].
*Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Irshād''. Qom: Kungira-yi Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413 AH.
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1967.

==Source==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Zuhayr_b._al-Qayn WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3B%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3B_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh Abbas Qummi, Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala']
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:زهیر بن‌ قین]]

Yazid b. Ziyad b. Muhasir

2022-02-26T16:03:51Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Yazid b. Ziyad b. Muhasir
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =Abu l-Sha'tha
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =[[Shiʿa]]
| Lineage = Kinda
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=یَزید بن زیاد بن مُهاصِر}}'''Yazid b. Ziyad b. Muhasir''', known as Abu l-Shaʿtha al-Kindi, was in the army of [[Umar b. Sa'd]] at first but then He joined the army of the [[Imam Hussain]]. he was martyred in the Battle of Karbala.

==Lineage==
Yazid b. Ziyad b. Muhasir was from the Kinda tribe from the Banu Bahdala clan. His kunya was Abu l-Sha'tha.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 171.</ref>

==Companion of Imam al-Hussain==
When Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad sent a letter to Hurr b. Yazid, Abu l-Sha'tha recognized the person who delivered the letter since they were from the same tribe, and so he told him: “May your mother sit in mourning for you! What is the message that you delivered?”

He replied: “I obeyed my imam (leader, that is, [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Ibn Ziyad]]) and stayed loyal to my allegiance to him”.

Abu l-Sha'tha said: “you have disobeyed God and obeyed your imam to your own destruction and you have gained shame and fire.”.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 172.</ref>

he left [[Kufa]] before [[Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi|Hurr b. Yazid]] and his army approached the caravan of [[Imam Hussain]], and then joined the Imam.

According to another account, he accompanied the army of [[Umar b. Sa'd]] from [[Kufa]] to [[Karbala]]. But when he found that Imam Hussain's proposals were rejected, he joined the army of the Imam.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 5, p. 445-446.</ref>

==In the Battle of Karbala==
On the Day of Ashura, he fought while riding his horse. When his horse was slaughtered, he squatted near Imam Hussain and threw 100 arrows to the army of Umar b. Sa'd. After throwing each of the arrows he sang paeans.

Observing his attempts, Imam Hussain prayed for him in this way: “O God! Make his arrows hit the targets and reward him with the Heaven”.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 172.</ref>

When Abu l-Sha'tha' ran out of arrows, he stood up and said: “Only five arrows did not hit the targets”.

He fought until he was martyred.

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Yazid_b._Ziyad_b._Muhasir WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[fa:یزید بن زیاد]]

Yazid b. Thubayt al-Abdi al-Basri

2022-02-26T16:03:50Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Yazid b. Thubayt al-Abdi al-Basri
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Abd al-Qays tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = Basra
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of [[Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=یَزید بن ثُبَیط العَبدی البَصری}}'''Yazid b. Thubayt al-Abdi al-Basri''' was among [[Imam Hussain]]'s companions who was martyred in the [[battle of Karbala]]. As [[Imam Hussain]]'s letter reached Basra calling on people to help him, Yazid b. Thubayt decided to join Imam's caravan. In this journey two of his sons, Abd Allah and Ubayd Allah, accompanied him. Both of his sons were martyred in the first attack of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Ibn Saʿd]]'s army and he was martyred in one-to-one battle.

==Lineage==
According to historical sources, he had ten sons but only two of them participated in the [[battle of Karbala]]. He was from the Abd al-Qays tribe in Basra.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh-i ṭabarī'', vol. 5, p. 353.</ref>

==Biography==
As [[Imam Hussain]]'s letter reached Basra calling on people to help him, Yazid b. Thubayt decided to join Imam's caravan. He announced, in a meeting in Mariya bt. Munqidh's house where a number of Basra's [[Shiʿa|Shi'a]]<nowiki/>s gathered, that he wanted to go to Mecca to help Imam Hussain. Two of his sons, Abd Allah and Ubayd Allah, as well as [[Amir b. Muslim al-Abdi]] and his servant, Salim, Sayf b. Malik al-Abdi and Adham b. Umayya al-Abdi joined him. They met Imam Hussain's caravan in Abtah near Mecca and set up their tent there.

when Imam Hussain heard about Yazid b. Thubayt's arrival, he went to Yazid's tent to meet him while Yazid had left his tent to meet the Imam. The Imam stayed in Yazid's tent and waited for him to return. When Yazid arrived in the Imam's tent, he was told that the Imam had left to meet him. When he returned to his tent and saw the Imam, he recited the verse, "In the Bounty of Allah and His Mercy let them rejoice"<ref>Qur'an 10:58.</ref>. He then greeted the Imam and then told him about what had happened. Imam Hussain prayed for him and then they joined the Imam's caravan.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh-i ṭabarī'', vol. 5, p. 353-354.</ref>

==Martyrdom==
Yazid and his two sons were martyred on the Day of [[Ashura]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh-i ṭabarī'', vol. 5, p. 353.</ref> He and his sons are mentioned in [[Ziarat al-Shuhada]]: "Peace be upon Zayd b. Thubayt al-Qaysi; peace be upon Abd Allah and Ubayd Allah, the two sons of Yazid b. Thubayt al-Qaysi".

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Yazid_b._Thubayt_al-%27Abdi WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Ashura%E2%80%99%20Encyclopedia/ashura_encyclopedia_html/ashura_encyclopedia.htm Ashura encyclopedia]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:یزید بن ثبیط عبدی]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Yazid b. Maghfil

2022-02-26T16:03:49Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Yazid b. Maghfil b. Ju'f al-Midhhaji al-Ju'fi
| Companion of = [[Imam Ali]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =[[Shiʿa]]
| Lineage = Midhhaji Ju'fi
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Holy shrine of [[Imam Hussain]]<nowiki>, [Karbala]], </nowiki>[[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=یزید بْن مَغْفِل الجُعْفی}}'''Yazid b. Maghfil al-Ju'fi''' was a companion of [[Imam Hussain]] who was martyred in the [[battle of Karbala]]. He was among companions of [[Imam Ali]] who remained faithful to [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and fought against [[Yazid]]'s army in support of Imam Hussain.

==Biography==
His complete name was Yazid b. Maghfil b. Ju'f (Awf) b. Sa'd al-Ashra (al-Ashira) al-Midhhaji al-Ju'fi.

To avoid confusion, it is worth mentioning that there were two people with the name of Yazid b. Ma'qil; one of them was Yazid b. Ma'qil (Yazid b. Maghfil) al-Ju'fi who was among the companions of [[Imam Hussain]] and the [[martyrs of Karbala]] and the other was Yazid b. Ma'qil b. 'Umayr b. Rabi'a who was in the army of [[Umar b. Sa'd]] in the [[Battle of karbala]] and was killed by [[Burayr b. Khudayr al-Hamdani al-Mishraqi|Burayr b. Khudayr]], a companion of Imam .

==Companion of the Prophet==
He was a companion of [[Prophet]] and participated in the Battle of Qadisiyya .<ref>Ṭabasī, ''Bā kārawān-i Ḥusaynī'', vol. 1, p. 344.</ref>

==Companion of Imam Ali==
He was among the companions of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] who fought against the army of [[Mu'awiya]]. Also, he helped imam Ali against Khawarij and led the right wing of his army in the battle which led to the defeat of Khawarij.<ref>Ṭabasī, ''Bā kārawān-i Ḥusaynī'', vol. 1, p. 344; Thaqafī, ''al-Ghārāt'', vol. 1, p. 128.</ref>

==Companion of Imam Hussain==
After the [[martyrdom]] of [[Imam Ali]], Yazid b. Maghfil remained faithful to [[Ahl al-Bayt]] and became a companion of Imam Hussain. Yazid b. Maghfil joined Imam Hussain in Mecca together with Hajjaj b. Masruq and accompanied Imam to [[Karbala]]. On the way, when Imam arrived in [[Qasr Bani Muqatil|Qasr Bani Maqatil]] and saw the tent of [[Ubayd Allah b. al-Hurr al-Juʿfi|Ubayd Allah b. Hurr al-Ju'fi]], sent Hajjaj b. Masruq al-Ju'fi and Yazid b. Maghfil al-Ju'fi to Ubayd Allah to invite him to join him.

==Martyrdom==
His name was included among [[martyrs of Karbala]] in [[Ziayat Nahiyat al-Muqaddasa]]<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', vol. 3, p. 78</ref> and [[Rajabiyya ziyarat]] of Imam Hussain<ref>Shams al-Dīn, ''Anṣār al-Ḥusayn (a)'', vol. 1, p. 88.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Yazid_b._Maghfil WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
 
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:یزید بن مغفل جعفی]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Yazid b. al-Hussain al-Hamdani

2022-02-26T16:03:47Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Yazid b. al-Hussain al-Hamdani al-Mishraqi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Hamdan
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=یزید بن الحُصَین الهَمْدانی}}'''Yazid b. al-Hussain al-Hamdani''' was a companion of [[Imam Hussain]] who was martyred in the [[battle of Karbala]]. He was among Kufans who had pledged his allegiance to [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] before his [[martyrdom]].

==Companion of Imam Hussain==
After [[martyrdom]].of [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] by the order of [[ibn Ziad]], he left [[Kufa]] overnight to join Imam Hussain's caravan.<ref>Muhaddithī, ''Farhang-i Āshūrā'', quoting from ''Tanqīḥ al-maqāl'', vol. 3, p. 325.</ref>

==In the Battle of Karbala==
[[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad]] ordered [[Omar Ibn Sa’d]] to block Hussain ibn Ali and his companions from accessing [[water]] in a letter. On the 7th of [[Muharram]] of the year 61 AH, Omar ibn Sa'd commissioned Amro ibn al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi and 500 cavalry soldiers to guard the Alghameh river—a branch of the Euphrates—to prevent Imam Hussain's army from accessing the water. On the Day of [[Ashura]] when people in the caravan of Imam Hussain were extremely thirsty, Yazid asked the Imam for a permission to talk to people of Kufa and [[Umar b. Sa'd]]. The Imam permitted him to do that. Yazid criticized the people of Kufa for blocking the water of the [[Euphrat|Euphrates]], but they responded to him inappropriately. At this time, the Imam said about the army of Kufa that the Satan has taken over them, and the party of the Satan are losers. <ref>Muhaddithī, ''Farhang-i Āshūrā'', quoting from ''Mawsūʿat kalimāt al-Imām al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 7, p. 425.</ref>

He went to the battlefield before the noon of [[Ashura]] and fought until he was martyred.

His name is mentioned in [[Ziarat al-Shuhada]]: "Peace be upon Yazid b. al-Hussain al-Hamdani al-Mashriqi, the reciter of the Qur'an who fell on the ground".

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Yazid_b._al-Husayn_al-Hamdani WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:یزید بن‌ حصین‌ همدانی مشرفی]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Wahb b. Wahb

2022-02-26T16:03:46Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = Wahb b. Wahb
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size = 240px
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in his Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain #Mausoleums of the Martyrs of Karbala|shrine
| Full name =
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]],[[ Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=وهب بن عبدالله بن حباب الکلبی}}
'''Wahb b. Wahb''' (Arabic: وهب بن وهب) or '''Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. Hubab al-Kalbi''' (Arabic: وهب بن عبدالله بن حباب الکلبی) was among the companions of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] who was martyred at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. Wahb was a young Christian who converted to Islam by the guidance of Imam al-Hussain. He accompanied the Imam in his journey to Karbala and was martyred on the day of [[Ashura]].

He was among those who were listed among martyrs of Karbala by the majority of sources, but there are some disagreements over his lineage. Some writers also doubted that a person called Wahb existed. Some sources only mentioned one person with this name in Karbala. However, more recent studies confirm the existence of the mentioned Wahb as well as another person with a similar name (Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr).

==Name and Lineage==
Although most sources have mentioned Wahb among martyrs of Karbala, they reported different names or lineages for him, such as:

*Wahb b. Wahb<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161.</ref>
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. Hubab al-Kalbi<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 16.</ref>
*Wahb b. Janah (Hubab) al-Kalbi<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 105.</ref>
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi<ref>Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 104.</ref>
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah al-Kalbi<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 101.</ref>
*Wahb b. 'Abd Allah b. Janab al-Kalbi al-Khwarizmi<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 15.</ref>

Some writers identified two different martyrs of Karbala who had the name of Wahb: Wahb b. Wahb and Wahb b. 'Abd Allah al-Kalbi.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 16; vol. 44, p. 320.</ref> Other sources consider both names to refer to a single individual.<ref>Mūsawī Zanjānī, ''Wasīlat al-dārayn'', p. 203.</ref>

==Theory of Innovation and Mistake==
A group of scholars argue that there was no person named Wahb b. Wahb who participated in the battle of 'Karbala,<ref>''Maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-shuhadāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 76.</ref> and that his inclusion among the names is an error and innovation. They argue that Wahb b. Wahb is being confused with [[Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi|'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]], one of the martyrs of Karbala that was among the companions of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] and Imam al-Hussain and was mentioned in [[Ziyarah al-Shuhada]]' and Al-Ziyarah al-Rajabiyya li-l-Imam al-Hussain|al-Ziyarah al-Rajabiyya.<ref>Shūshtarī, ''Qāmūs al-rijāl'', vol. 10, p. 448.</ref>

On the other hand, other scholars argue that while similarities may exist between Wahb and [[Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi|'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr]], the existence of two separate individuals is still plausible due to several key differences in their narratives. For example, the sources described Wahb as Christian who converted to Islam under the guidance of Imam al-Hussain, while they describe 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr as one of the oldest companions of Imam al-Hussain (who was never a Christian).<ref>Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn'', vol. 6, p. 381.</ref>

==Umm Wahb==
Umm Wahb was the daughter of 'Abd from the family of Namir b. Qasit and the wife of 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr Kalbi. She was among the martyrs of Karbala. Some sources considered her the mother of Wahb b. Wahb.<ref>Shams al-Dīn, ''Yārān-i Ḥusayn (a)'', p. 112.</ref> However, a comparison of reports on the martyrs of Karbala shows that the mother of Wahb was a different person that had no relation with Umm Wahb, daughter of 'Abd Allah.<ref>Nāẓimzāda-yi Qummī, ''Aṣḥāb-i Imām Ḥusayn'', p. 597.</ref>

==Martyrdom==
It is reported that Wahb went to the battlefield after Burayr b. Khudayr,<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 105; Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 104; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 4, p. 101.</ref> or Ziyad b. Muhajir al-Kindi<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161.</ref> and before 'Amr b. Khalid al-Azdi, or [[Muslim b. Awsaja al-Asadi|Muslim b. 'Awsaja al-Asadi]],<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 105.</ref> or Hilal b. al-Hajjaj.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161.</ref> There are different reports about his fight. It is said that he returned to his mother and wife in the middle of the fight and asked his mother if she was satisfied with him. His mother responded that she would be satisfied with him when he is killed in the way of Imam al-Hussain.<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 16; Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 258-259.</ref> There are also reports about his conversation with his wife .<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 16.</ref>

There are also disagreements about the way Wahb was martyred. <ref>See: Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161; Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 16.</ref> It seems that some reports are mixed with the events related to the [[Martyrdom]] of 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi. Additionally, other reports mentioned that his wife went to the battlefield, grasped his clothes and said , "I will not return until I am killed with you", and Imam al-Hussain returned her to the tent with the promise of receiving good rewards in the hereafter.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 106.</ref> It is said that Wahb killed twelve foot soldiers and nineteen horsemen of the army of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Ibn Sa'd]].<ref>Qummī, ''Nafas al-mahmūm'', p. 259.</ref> Then, he was taken captive and beheaded by the order of 'Umar b. Sa'd, who threw his head toward the army of Imam al-Hussain.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 161; Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 15.</ref>

==In Media==
The story of Wahb was shown in the 17th episode of the [[Mukhtar-nameh]] TV series. In this episode, Hamid Mirbaqiri played the role of Wahb. Mukhtar-nameh was a TV series directed by Dawud Mirbaqiri and dealt with the life and uprising of [[al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]] after the Event of 'Ashura. It was broadcasted from Channel One of the IRIB in 2010.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==

*Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Futūḥ''. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1411 AH.
*Ibn Shahrāshūb, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī. ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib''. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī & Muḥammad Ḥusayn Āshtīyānī. Qom: Nashr-i ʿAllāma, [n.d].
*Ibn Ṭāwūs, ʿAlī b. Mūsā. ''Al-Luhūf ʿalā qatlay al-ṭufūf''. Translated to Farsi by Aḥmad Fahrī Zanjānī. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Jahān, 1353 Sh.
*Khwārizmī, Muwaffaq b. Aḥmad al-. ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn''. Edited by Muḥammad al-Samāwī. Qom: Anwār al-Hudā, 1423 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī et.al. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Pīshwāyī, Mahdī. ''Maqtal-i jāmiʿ-i Sayyid al-shuhadāʾ''. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Imām Khomeini, 1389 Sh.
*Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad. ''Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn''. Translated to Farsi by ʿAbd al-Hādī Masʿūdī. Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1388 Sh.
*Nāẓimzāda-yi Qummī, Sayyid Aṣghar. ''Aṣḥāb-i Imām Ḥusayn az Medina ta Karbala''. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb, 1390 Sh.
*Qummī, Shaykh ʿAbbās. ''Nafas al-mahmūm''. Qom: Maktabat al-Ḥaydar, 1379 Sh.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Bāqir Kamariī. Tehran: Kitābchī, 1376 Sh.
*Shams al-Dīn, Muḥammad Mahdī. ''Yārān-i Ḥusayn (a)''. Translated to Farsi by Muḥammad Bāqir Maʿmūrī. [n.p]: Intishārāt-i Kalamat al-Ḥaqq, 1385 Sh.
*Shūshtarī, Muḥammad Taqī al-. ''Qāmūs al-rijāl''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1422 AH.

==Source==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Wahb_b._Wahb WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]

Uthman b. Ali

2022-02-26T16:03:45Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Uthman b. Ali b. Abi Talib
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Banu Hashim
| Well known relatives =[[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] (Father), [[Umm al-Banin]] (mother), [[Abbas B. Ali B. Abu Taleb|Abbas b. Ali]] (brother)
| Birth =35/655
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=عثمان بن علی بن أبی طالب}}'''Uthman b. Ali b. Abi Talib''' was son of [[Imam Ali]] and Fatima bt. Hizam, known as [[Umm al-Banin]]. He and his brothers [[Abbas B. Ali B. Abu Taleb|Abbas]], [[Abd Allah ibn Ali|Abd Allah]], and [[Ja'far b. Ali|Ja'far]] accompanied [[Imam Hussain]] in his journey from Mecca to [[Kufa]] and were finally martyred at the [[Battle of Karbala]].

==Biography==
His mother, the daughter of Hizam b. Khalid b. Rabi’a from the Arab tribe of Banu Kilab, was the mother of three more sons of Ali b. Abi Talib, and for this reason she became known as Umm al-Banin. <ref>Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 89.</ref> It is related from Imam Ali that he said, “I have named him after my brother Uthman b. Maz'un". Uthman b. Maz'un was one of the companions of the [[Prophet]].<ref>Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 89.</ref>

According to some historical sources, Uthman b. Ali was 21 years old when he was martyred on the day of [[Ashura]]<ref>Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 89; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 37.</ref> and had no children.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 37; Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 109.</ref> His grave is in the mausoleum of the collective grave of the [[martyrs of Karbala]] in the shrine of [[Imam Hussain]].

==Martyrdom==
The first person from among the children of Ali b. Abi Talib who went to the battlefield was [[Abu Bakr b. Ali]]. After him, according to a report, it was [[Abd Allah ibn Ali|Abd Allah]] and [[Ja'far b. Ali|Ja'far]], brothers of Uthman from the same mother.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Amālī'', p. 152.</ref> After them, Uthman went to the battlefield reciting the following Rajaz: “Verily I am Uthman the possessor of glory, my master is Ali the executor of virtuous deeds, this is Hussain the master of fairness, the master of the young and old”.

[[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] shot an arrow at Uthman’s forehead and throw him down the horse. Then, a man from Banu Darim tribe beheaded him.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 20; Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 89; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 37.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Uthman_b._al-Imam_Ali_(a) WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3b%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3b_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala]

==References==

[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[Category:Imam Ali's Sons]]
[Category:Umm Banin's Sons]]
[[fa:عثمان بن علی (ع)]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Umm Wahb bt. Abd

2022-02-26T16:03:44Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size = 240px
| caption =
| Full name = Umm Wahb bt. Abd
| Companion of =
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Wellknown Relatives = Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom =
| Burial place =
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = She encouraged her son, Wahb, to help [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] in [[Karbala]]
|Native name=أُمّ وَهب بنت عَبد}}
'''Umm Wahb bt. Abd''' (Arabic: أُمّ وَهب بنت عَبد) (martyred 61/680) was the wife of [['Abd Allah b. 'Umayr al-Kalbi]] and martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. Under the cover of night, she accompanied her husband in a journey to Karbala to join the caravan of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]. On the Day of [[Ashura|'Ashura]], when her husband went to the battlefield, she was determined to accompany him. However, Imam al-Hussain did not allow her to go to the battlefield. َAfter the [[martyrdom]] of her husband, while she was wiping blood off his face, Rustam, slave of [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]], killed her. She also played an important role in sending her son, Wahb to the battlefield.
==Lineage==
Umm Wahb was daughter of 'Abd from the clan of Nimr b. Qasit who lived in Kufa. Her husband, 'Abd Allah b. 'Umayr and her son, Wahb b. 'Abd Allah, were martyred on the day of [[Ashura]].
==In the Battle of Karbala==
After her husband went to the battlefield, she decided to join the battlefield. So, she picked a stick to go to the battlefield, but Imam did not give her permission and said that jihad is not obligatory for women. After her husband was martyred, she went to the battlefield and began wiping the blood off her husband’s face. Shimr sent his slave, Rustam, towards her and he hit an iron club at Umm Wahb's head and she was martyred.
Umm Wahb also played an important role in sending her son, Wahb to the battlefield. When her son went to the battlefield, returned after fighting for a short time and told his mother, "Are you happy now?" Umm Wahb said, "I will be happy when you become martyred at the feet of Imam al-Hussain." Thus, he went to the battlefield again and fought until he was martyred.
==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Umm_Wahb WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:ام وهب همسر عبدالله بن‌ عمیر کلبی]]

Umar b. Ali

2022-02-26T16:03:42Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Umar b. al-Imam Ali
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Banu Hashim
| Well known relatives =[[Imam Ali]](Father)
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = Medina
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=عُمَر بن عَلیّ بن اَبی طالِب}}'''Umar b. Ali''', known as Umar al-Atraf, was one of the children of [[Imam Ali]] who accompanied [[Imam Hussain]] to [[Karbala]] and was martyred on the day of [[Ashura]].

==Biography==
Some sources have mentioned Umar b. Ali as Umar al-Akbar<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 3, p. 14.</ref> whose teknonym was Abu l-Qasim<ref>Amrī, ''al-Majdī fī ansāb al-ṭālibīn'', p. 7; Ibn ʿAnba, ''ʿUmdat al-ṭālib'', p. 362.</ref> or Abu Hafs. There are different reports about the name of his mother. Ibn Sa'd and al-Ya'qubi reported the name of his mother as Sahba bint rabi'ah (Umm Habib), daughter of Rabi'a al-Taghlibi, Some other sources have mentioned her name as Layla bt. Mas'ud al-Darami.

Al-Fakhr al-Razi mentioned that Umar was the youngest child of Imam Ali.<ref>Rāzī, ''al-Shajarat al-mubāraka'', p. 189.</ref>

==In the Battle of Karbala==
[[Ibn Shahr Ashub]] included his name among [[martyrs of Karbala]].<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib'', vol 4, p. 107.</ref> It is reported that he made war cries on the Day of [[Ashura]] and attacked the enemy.<ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 28-29.</ref> He attacked Zahr, the killer of his brother and killed him. [[Al-Khwarazmi]] reported his martyrdom after the [[martyrdom]] of his brother [[Abu Bakr b. Ali|Abu Bakr]]. It is said that first, his horse fell down and then they martyred him. <ref>Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 28-29.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Umar_b._al-Imam_Ali_(a) WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
 
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:عمر بن علی بن ابی طالب (ع)]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Suwayd b. Amr al-Khath'ami

2022-02-26T16:03:41Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in Karbala
| Full name = Suwayd b. Amr b. Abi Muta' al-Khath'ami
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Khath'am tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=سُوَیْد بْن عَمْرو الخَثْعَمی}}
'''Suwayd b. Amr al-Khath'ami''' (Arabic: سُوَیْد بْن عَمْرو الخَثْعَمی) was martyred shortly after the [[martyrdom]] of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]. Thus, he is known as the last martyr of [[Karbala]].

==Lineage and Character==
Suwayd b. Amr b. Abi Muta' al-Khath'ami was a nobleman from the Khath'am tribe. He was known as a pious man and a skillful and brave warrior.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 169.</ref>

==Battle of Karbala==
Suwayd was the last person from Imam Hussain's army who went to the battlefield<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 446.</ref>. He fought bravely against [[Yazid]]'s army until he was severely injured and fell down among other martyrs, where he was left for dead. However, Suwayd was still alive, and at some point heard people say that Imam Hussain had been killed. With great effort, he got back on his feet and continued to fight with a dagger (his sword had been taken by an enemy soldier) until he was martyred. It is said that [[Urwa b. Battan al-Tha'labi]] and [[Zayd b. Ruqad al-Junnabi|Zayd b. Riqad al-Janbi]] killed him.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 442; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 204; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 79.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==

*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-. ''Ansāb al-ashrāf''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Maḥmūdī. Beirut: Dār al-Taʿāruf li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1977.
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1385 AH.
*Samāwī, Muḥammad al-. ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Hussain''. Qom: Zamzam-i Hidāyat, 1384 Sh.
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.

==Source==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Suwayd_b._%27Amr_al-Khath%27ami WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:سوید بن‌ عمرو بن‌ ابی‌ مطاع‌]]

Sulayman b. Razin

2022-02-26T16:03:40Z

Faraji:

{{infobox person
| name =Sulayman b. Razin
| native_name =سُلَیمان بن رَزین
| image =
| known_for = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]'s messenger to the people of Basra
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| father =
| mother =
| relatives =
| spouse =
| children =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| resting_place =
}}'''Sulayman b. Razin''' (Arabic: سُلَیمان بن رَزین) was [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]'s messenger to the people of Basra. However, [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]] learned about the Imam's letter and ordered to Sulayman's execution. Thus, Sulayman can be considered to be first martyr of the uprising of Imam al-Hussain.

==Imam al-Hussain's Letter to the People of Basra==
Imam al-Hussain sent Sulayman with a letter to Basra. In his letter, the Imam addressed the the five chiefs of Basra: Malik b. Musamma' al-Bakri, Ahnaf b. Qays al-Tamimi, Mundhir b. Jarud al-'Abdi, Mas'ud b. 'Amr al-Azdi, Qays b. Haytham, and 'Amr b. 'Ubayd Allah b. Mu'ammar.

{{Quote
| text =So, God chose Muhammad over His creation and honored him as His messenger and chose him for His mission. Then, God took him (his soul) while he was wishing well for the servants of God and delivered his mission (to the people); and we are his family, children and vicegerents; and we are the most deserved ones among the people for his position among them; But, our people passed us to reach that position and we accepted, because we disliked disunity and liked well-being and cordiality among people. However, we know that we deserve the right which belongs to us more than those who have taken it….I have sent my ambassador to you with this letter. I invite you to the Book of God and the tradition of the Prophet, because the tradition has died and illegitimate innovation has emerged. So, if you listen to my word and obey my order, I guide you to the path of growth. And peace be upon you and the mercy of God.
| author =
| title =
| source =Tabari, ''Tarikh al-umam wa l-muluk'', vol. 5, p. 357
| character =
| multiline =
| style =
}}
==Martyrdom==
All the chiefs that received the letter of the Imam kept it secret except Mundhir b. Jarud, who was the father-in-law of 'Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad. Mundhir took both the letter and Sulayman himself to Ibn Ziyad, who read it and ordered for Sulayman to be decapitated. In another source he is mentioned as being hanged.

Both Sulayman's name and that of his murderer are mentioned in the Ziyarah al-Shuhada',<blockquote>Peace be upon Sulayman, servant of al-Hussain b. [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Amir al-Mu'minin]] and may the curse of God be on his murderer, Sulayman b. 'Awf al-Hadrami.</blockquote>

==Source==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sulayman_b._Razin WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:سلیمان بن رزین]]

Sulayman b. Kathir

2022-02-26T16:03:38Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
|1=shrine
|name=Sulayman b. Kathir|image=Martyrs of Karbala.jpg|image size=240px|caption=|Full name=|Companion of=[[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]|Kunya=|Epithet=|Well Known As=|Religious Affiliation=|Lineage=|Well known relatives=|Birth=|Place of Birth=|Place of Residence=|Death/martyrdom=61/680|Cause of Death/martyrdom=Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]|Burial place=|Professors=|Students=|Works=|Activities=|Native name=سلیمان بن کثیر}}'''Sulayman b. Kathir''' (Arabic: سلیمان بن کثیر) was martyred at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. His name was mentioned in [[al-Ziyara al-Rajabiyya]] for [[Imam Hussain|Imam al-Hussain]] and al-Ziyara for [[Ali al-Akbar ibn al-Hussain|Ali Akbar]] and other martyrs of Karbala.
Some have considered it possible that he was, in fact, [[Muslim b. Kathir al-Azdi]]. No information is found about his personality, life, lineage or family.
 
==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sulayman_b._Kathir WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt (a)]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]

Shawdhab Mawla of Shakir

2022-02-26T16:03:37Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Shawdhab Mawla of Shakir
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of [[Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = He delivered [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. 'Aqil]]'s letter to [[Imam Hussain]].
|Native name=شَوذَب مَولیٰ شاکِر}}'''Shawdhab Mawla Shqkir''' was among [[Imam Hussain]]'s companion who was martyred at the [[Battle of Karbala]]. After [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] received the oath of allegiance on behalf of [[Imam Hussain]], he sent Shawdhab Mawla Shqkir with a letter to inform Imam about the readiness of Kufans.

==Before the Battle of Karbala==
In some resource, he mentioned as the servant of Shakir b. Abd Allah al-Hamdani al-Shakiri<ref>Shams al-Dīn, ''Anṣār al-Ḥusayn (a)'', p. 79.</ref> and others mentioned him as the servant of [[Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri]].<ref>Wāʿiẓ Kāshifī, ''Rawḍat al-Shuhadā'', p. 306.</ref>

He was a memorizer of hadiths and transmitted hadiths from [[Imam Ali]].<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 129.</ref> He and Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri delivered the letter of [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] from Kufa to [[Imam Hussain]] in Mecca and accompanied Imam from Mecca to [[Karbala]].<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 130.</ref>

==Martyrdom==
On the Day of [[Ashura]], [[Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri]] came to Shawdhab, who was his relative, and said, “What is your heart’s desire”? He replied, “What do I desire? I desire to fight alongside you, while defending the grandson of the Prophet of Allah, until I am martyred.” Abis replied, "and nothing else was expected from you. If I had anyone dearer than you today, I would send him to the battlefield before I would go."<ref>Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 5, p. 443-444; Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 2, p. 22-23; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 45, p. 28.</ref>

He was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the afternoon of [[Ashura]] after [[Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami]].<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 105; Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 130; Ṭabrisī, ''Iʿlām al-warā'', p. 246; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', vol. 4, p. 73.</ref>

His name is mentioned in the Ziarat of Rajabiyya of [[Imam Hussain]].<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 98, p. 272; Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', p. 576.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Shawdhab_Mawla_of_Shakir WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3b%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3b_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:شوذب بن عبدالله همدانی]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Shabib b. Abd Allah al-Nahshali

2022-02-26T16:03:36Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Shabib b. Abd Allah al-Nahshali al-Basri
| Companion of = [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], [[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Imam al-Hasan]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Banu Taym
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680, [[Karbala]]
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Attending the battles of Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan
|Native name=شَبیب بن عَبدُ الله النَّهشَلی}}
'''Shabib b. Abd Allah al-Nahshali''' (Arabic: شَبیب بن عَبدُ الله النَّهشَلی) was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He was among the Tabi'un who participated in the battles of Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan as a member of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]'s army. After the [[martyrdom]] of Imam Ali, he became among companions of [[Hasan B. ʿAli B. Abi Taleb|Imam Hasan]] and [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]].

==Name and Lineage==
Shabib b. Abd Allah al-Nahshali al-Basri was born into a family from Banu Nahshal tribe, a branch of Banu Taym.

He has been mentioned in some Persian sources as the slave of Harith b. Sari' al-Hamadani who went to Karbala together with Sayf b. al-Harith al-Hamdani and Malik b. Abd Allah b. Sari'. But, this is incompatible with the reports which suggest that he was with Imam from Medina. However, Mamaqani believed that he was someone other than Shabib b. Abd Allah Harith b. Sari' al-Kufi.

Muhammad Mahdi Shams al-Din has mentioned that Habib b. Abd Allah was one of the Martyrs of Karbala and also mentioned this probability that Shabib b. Abd Allah al-Nahshali would be the one who has also been referred to as Habib b. Abd Allah or Abu Amr al-Nahshali.
==At the Time of Imam Ali==
Shabib was among the Followers of the [[Prophet Muhammad|Prophet]] and the companions of Imam Ali and participated in the battles of Jamal, Siffin and Nahrawan. After Imam Ali was martyred, he was among the companions of Imam al-Hasan and stayed with him. At the time of Imam al-Hussain, he was among his companions.
==In the Event of Karbala==
When Imam al-Hussain first went from Medina to Mecca and then moved toward Karbala, Shabib was with Imam. On the Day of [[Ashura]], Shabib was martyred in the first attack of the enemy while fighting with them.

In the [[Ziyara al-Shuhada]], he has been mentioned as, "Peace be upon Shabib b. Abd Allah al-Nahshali."
==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Shabib_b._%27Abd_Allah_al-Nahshali WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:شبیب بن عبدالله نهشلی]]

Sayf b. al-Harith al-Hamdani

2022-02-26T16:03:35Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Sayf b. al-Harith b. Suray al-Hamdani
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Hamdan tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=سیف بن الحارث بن سُرَیع الهمدانی}}'''Sayf b. al-Harith al-Hamdani''' was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] on the day of [[Ashura]].

==Lineage==
Sayf b. Harith (Harath) b. Suray b. Jabir al-Hamdani al-Jabiri was from Bani Jabir, a branch of Hamdan tribe who were originally from Yemen and lived in [[Kufa]].<ref>Samʿānī, ''al-Ansāb'', p. 419.</ref>

==In the Battle of Karbala==
According to historical sources, Sayf b. Harith b. Suray and [[Malik b. Abd Allah al-Hamdani|Malik b. Abd Allah b. Suray]] were brothers from the same mother and were also cousin. They went to [[Karbala]] and joined the companions of [[Imam Hussain]].

On the Day of [[Ashura]], when they saw [[Imam Hussain]] confronting the army of enemy, went to him crying. Imam told them, "O cousins! Why are you crying? By God, I hope your eyes will soon be brightened [to heaven]."

They answered, "May God sacrifice us for you; by God we swear we are not crying for ourselves, but our crying is because we see you besieged and cannot defend you."

Imam said, "May God give you best of rewards He gives to the God-wary for your companionship and defense."

After [[Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami]] was martyred, Sayf and Malik greeted Imam. Imam answered their greeting and they moved toward the enemy. They fought while they supported each other until they both were martyred.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 442-444; Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 132-133.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Sayf_b._al-Harith_al-Hamdani WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:سیف بن حارث جابری]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Salim b. Amr b. Abd Allah

2022-02-26T16:03:33Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =250px
| caption = '''The burial place of the martyrs of [[Karbala]] in the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain'''
| Full name = Salim b. Amr b. Abd Allah Banu l-Madina al-Kalbi.
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Teknonym =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation = Shi'a
| Lineage = Banu l-Madina al-Kalbi
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Demise =
| Cause of Demise =
| Martyrdom = 61/681
| Cause of Martyrdom = Event of Karbala
| Burial place = [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Accompanied [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]], Martyred in [[Karbala]]
|Native name=سالِم بن عَمْرو بن عَبْدالله}}
'''Salim b. Amr b. Abd Allah''' (Arabic: سالِم بن عَمْرو بن عَبْدالله, martyrdom: 61/681) was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He accompanied [[Muslim b. ʿAqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] in his uprising, and after Muslim's [[martyrdom]], left Kufa to join [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]'s army.
==Helping Muslim b. Aqil==
Salim b. Amr b. Abd Allah was a servant of the Banu l-Madina al-Kalbi tribe. As a [[Shiʿa|Shi'a]], Salim helped Muslim b. Aqil in his uprising, and after Muslim's martyrdom, was arrested by Kathir b. Shahab. He managed to escape [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd-Allah b. Ziyad]]'s prison and hide with his own tribe.
==Joining Imam al-Hussain==
After Imam al-Hussain's caravan reached Karbala, Salim and a number of people from Banu Kalb joined the Imam's army. He was martyred on the Day of Ashura. Ibn Shahrashub writes in the book ''Ibsar al-'ayn'' that Salim was martyred during the first attack on the Day of Ashura. However, the same author does not list Salim among the first martyrs in existing copies of his book ''Manaqib''.
==Doubts About Existence==
Salim is mentioned as martyr of Karbala in the version of Ziyara al-Shuhada that in the Hadith books ''Iqbal al-a'mal'' and ''Bihar al-anwar,'' with the phrase, "peace be upon Salim the servant of Banu l-Madina Kalbi". However, early Shiite sources of history and [http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1010 rijal] do not mention Salim among martyrs of Karbala. Furthermore, he is not mentioned in the version of [[Ziyarat al-Shuhada]] cited in [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]'s ''al-Mazar'' or in Ibn Mashhadi's'' Al-Mazar.'' Muhammad Taqi Shushtari has cast doubts over the existence of such a person.
==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Salim_b._%27Amr_b._%27Abd_Allah WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:سالم ‌بن‌ عمرو بن عبدالله]]

Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi

2022-02-26T16:03:32Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption = Burial place of martyrs of [[Karbala]]
| Full name = Sa'id b. Abd Allah al-Hanafi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Banu Hanifa b. Lajim tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participated in the Battle of [[Ashura]]
|Native name=سعید بن عبد الله الحنفی}}
'''Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi''' (Arabic: سعید بن عبد الله الحنفی) was a companion of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] who was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. As a prominent Shiite and a nobleman in [[Kufa]], he played a significant role in calling Imam al-Hussain to Kufa. He delivered several important letters of the Kufans to Imam al-Hussain. The final letter he delivered was [[Muslim b. ʿAqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. 'Aqil's]] letter to the Imam. From that point he accompanied the Imam from Mecca to [[Karbala]]. Sa'id is also remembered for his speech on the night before Ashura in which he proved his love for the [[Ahl Al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt]] and support of Imam al-Hussain.
==Lineage==
Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi was from the Banu Hanifa b. Lajim tribe, a clan of Banu Bakr b. Wa'il from the 'Adnan tribe. He was one of Kufa's famous nobleman of Kufa that was well-known for his courage and piety. In some accounts, his name was Sa'd.
==Accompanying Imam al-Hussain==
===Delivering the Last Letter of Kufans===
After the death of [[Mu'awiya|Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]], the [[Shiʿa|Shiites]] of Kufa wrote several letters to Imam al-Hussain and invited him to their city. The third letter was delivered by Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi and [[Haniʾ b. ʿUrwa al-Muradi|Hani b. Hani al-Sabi'i]]. It was was written by [[Shabath b. Rib'i]], [[Hajjar b. Abjar|Hajjar b. Abjar]], Yazid b. al-Harith al-Shaybani, Yazid b. Harith, Yazid b. Ruwaym, 'Uzra b. Qays, [['Amr b. al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi|'Amr b. Hajjaj]] and Muhammad b. 'Umayr. On some accounts, Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah was commissioned to deliver the letter to the Imam because he was so well-reputed that he could convince the Imam to come to Kufa.

The letter began as such,<blockquote>In the Name of God, the Compassionate, the Merciful. To Hussain b. Ali from the Shiite Muslims. Please come sooner because the people are waiting for you and their hearts are with you. Please hurry. Peace be upon you. Every place is green, fruits are ripe, and water wells are full. Please come; your army is ready, and peace be upon you.</blockquote>Imam al-Hussain wrote a reply to this letter and Sa'id delivered it to people of Kufa. The Imam appointed Muslim b. 'Aqil as his representative in Kufa. When Muslim entered Kufa, he stayed in [[al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]]'s house and delivered a speech for people. I 'Abis b. Abi Shabib al-Shakiri and Habib b. Muzahir also gave speeches in this assembly. Then Sa'id b. 'Abd Allah al-Hanafi gave a speech and swore that he was resolved to helping Imam al-Hussain. Muslim b. 'Aqil gave Sa'id the responsibility to call Imam al-Hussain to Kufa. Sa'id returned to Mecca and delivered Muslim b. 'Aqil's letter to the Imam. He accompanied Imam al-Hussain from Mecca to Karbala.
===In Karbala===
On the night before Ashura, Imam al-Hussain called all his companions to gather behind the camp and gave a speech, asking them to take the hands of their friends and escape the land in the darkness of the night. The Imam said, "these people are after me, so there is nothing for you to be concerned about, and I will forgive you all".

Sa'id was one of the companions who stood up and replied to the Imam,<blockquote>O, the son of the Prophet! I swear to God that we will never stop helping you so that God knows that we have obeyed the Prophet's will about his progeny. I swear to God that if I am killed and then restored to life, and my corpse is burned 70 times and my ashes are scattered by the wind, I will never give up on you. May I be sacrificed for you.</blockquote>

===Martyrdom===
According to some accounts, Sa'id went to Imam al-Hussain after the noon prayer on the day of Ashura and asked for his permission to go to the battlefield. He went to the battlefield while chanting paeans and inflicted many casualties on the enemy's army before becoming martyred.

A different account states that Sa'id was martyred after the noon prayer while protecting the Imam. When Imam al-Hussain was reciting the noon prayer, the enemy's army approached him. Sa'id guarding him by making himself a shield against the arrows thrown at the Imam and the other companions performing prayers. He was hit by arrows in his face, chest, sides, and hands. When he fell down and was dying, he made the following prayer,<blockquote>O, God! As you have cursed the people of 'Ad and Thamud, curse these people [that is, the army of Kufa]. O, God! Send my regards to your prophet and inform him of pains and injuries I have suffered in my body, since I have helped your prophet to achieve your rewards.</blockquote>It is said that Sa'id then turned to Imam al-Hussain, and said to him,<blockquote>O the son of the Prophet! Have I fulfilled my pledge?</blockquote>The Imam responded,<blockquote>Yes, you are in the heaven in front of me. </blockquote>It is said that when he was martyred, there were 13 arrows on his body in addition to injuries by swords and spears.

==Source==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27id_b._%27Abd_Allah_al-Hanafi An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:سعید بن‌ عبدالله حنفی‌]]

Sa'd b. Harith al-Khuza'i

2022-02-26T16:03:31Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in Karbala
| Full name = Sa'd b. Harith al-Khuza'i
| Companion of = [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], [[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Imam al-Hasan]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the event of [[Ashura]]
| Burial place = Inside the holy shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]], [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Commander of Shurtat al-Khamis in Kufa, Governor of Azerbaijan, Participant in [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=سَعد بن حارِث الخُزاعی}}
'''Sa'd b. Harith al-Khuza'i''' (Arabic: سَعد بن حارِث الخُزاعی) was a loyal companion of [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], [[Hasan B. ʿAli B. Abi Taleb|Imam Hassan]], and [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]] who was martyred during the Battle of [[Karbala]].

==Companion of Imam Ali==
Sa'd b. Harith held a wide range of positions during the life of Imam Ali. He was a servant of Ali b. Abi Talib, the governor of Azerbaijan, and the commander of Shurtat al-Khamis (a guard dedicated to Imam Ali) in [[Kufa]]. It is not known when Sa'd had these positions, but it can be inferred from historical books that he, like Qanbar, was among the Companions of Imam Ali and that the Imam appointed him to different positions. For example, Imam Ali appointed Sa'd as the inspector to the region under the control of Ziyad b. Abih.

==Companion of Imam Ali's Sons==
After the martyrdom of Imam Ali, Sa'd remained loyal to the [[Ahl al-Bayt]]. He became a companion of Imam Hassan and after his martyrdom, a companion of Imam al-Hussain. Sa'd accompanied Imam Hussain from Medina to Mecca and then to [[Karbala]]. Samawi wrote in ''al-Manaqib'', that Ibn Shahr Ashub has mentioned Sa'd in the list of the martyrs of the first attack.

==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27d_b._Harith_al-Khuza%27i WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:سعد بن حارث خزاعی]]

Sa'd b. Hanzala al-Tamimi

2022-02-26T16:03:30Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption = Burial place of martyrs of Karbala in the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain
| Full name =
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom = Muharram 10, 61/October 13, 680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = In the [[battle of Karbala]], he killed and wounded many members of Ibn Sa'd army
|Native name=سعد بن حنظله تمیمی}}
'''Sa'd b. Hanzala al-Tamimi''' was among prominent of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]'s companion. He was martyred on the Day of [[Ashura]] in Battle of [[Karbala]] (in 61/680).

==His Name==
His name was mentioned with slight variations in historical sources. Ibn Shahrashub in ''Manaqib al Abi Talib'' and 'Allama al-Majlisi in ''Bihar al-anwar'' have mentioned his name among the martyrs of Karbala, but Muhammad Taqi Shushtari believed that his correct name was Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami which has been explicitly mentioned in '''Uyun akhbar al-Rida''. It seems that the name of the son was mistaken with the name of the father and 'As'ad was distorted to Sa'd.

==In Karbala==
Sa'd was a great warrior and one of the prominent companions of Imam Hussain. On the Day of Ashura when the battle had become intense, he went to Imam and asked him for permission to go to the battlefield. After receiving permission and farewell to Imam, he went to the battlefield.

==His Martyrdom==
Based on historical sources, he went to the battlefield before the noon on the Day of Ashura. In ''Manaqib al Abi Talib", Ibn Shahrashub wrote:''

"He went to the battlefield after Khalid b. 'Amr al-Azdi and before 'Umayr b. 'Abd Allah al-Madhhiji and after a brave fight, killed and wounded many soldiers and was martyred in the desert of Karbala in defense of the family of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]."

==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27d_b._Hanzala_al-Tamimi WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:سعد بن‌ حنظله‌ تمیمی]]

Sa'd b. al-Harth al-Ansari

2022-02-26T16:03:28Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name =
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Sa'd b. Harath (Harith) b. Salama al-Ansari al-Ajlani al-Kufi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Khazraj
| Well known relatives = Abu l-Hutuf b. al-Harth al-Ansari (brother)
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Being one of Khawarij and participating in the [[Battle of Nahrawan]]
|Native name=سَعد بن الحَرث (الحارِث) الأنصاری}}
'''Sa'd b. al-Harth al-Ansari''' (Arabic:سَعد بن الحَرث (الحارِث) الأنصاری) ([[martyrdom]] 61/680) was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. On the day of [[Ashura]], Sa'd was in the army of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|'Umar b. Sa'd]], when he heard [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussian]]'s call of help. He then changed his allegiance and began to defend Imam Hussain.

==Battle of Karbala==
===In the Army of Kufa===
Sa'd was born into a family from Khazraj tribe. It is reported that Sa'd and his brother, Abu al-Hutuf b. al-Harth al-Ansari, were among the Khawarij in Battle of Nahrawan and had come from Kufa with the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd to fight with Imam Hussain.

===Helping Imam Hussain===
Sa'd's transformation happened during the afternoon of [[Ashura]]. After all the companions of Imam were martyred, Imam Hussain called, "Oh, isn't there any helper to help us? Oh, isn't there any defender to defend the family of the [[Prophet Muhammad|Prophet]]?" Women and children in the tents of Imam Hussain heard the call of Imam and began crying.

When Sa'd and his brother, Abu l-Hutuf, heart the cries of the woman and children, they shouted the slogan of Khawarij, "No rule, but God's and no obedience to the one who has disobeyed Him", and then declared that "Hussain was son of the daughter of the Prophet, the intercession of whom for ourselves we wish on the Day of Judgment. How can we fight him while he is in such a state, has no helper, and stands alone in the desert of Karbala, asking for help?"

They turned against 'Umar b. Sa'd's army and unsheathed their swords. Sa'd and his brother killed many soldiers until they too were martyred.

However, another source narrates the story in a slightly different manner. It is said that after the martyrdom of Imam Hussain and when they heard cries of women, they attacked the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd and were martyred.

==Debates Over the Authenticity of the Report==
Muhaqqiq Shushtari raised doubts about the authenticity of this report. In his view, given the negative attitude of Khawarij about helping governments as well as the famous slogan of "No rule, but God's", it is improbable that they have helped Imam Hussain.

In contrast, some argue that they were probably forced to accompany the army of Kufa. However, witnessing the cruelty of the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd toward the family of the Prophet and the oppression of the Imam and his family turned their hearts toward Imam Hussain, similar to [[Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi|Hurr b. Yazid al-Riyahi]].

==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27d_b._al-Harth_al-Ansari WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:سعد بن حارث انصاری عجلانی]]

Sa'd (Slave of 'Amr b. Khalid)

2022-02-26T16:03:27Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size = 250px
| caption = The burial place of martyrs of [[Karbala]] in the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain
| Full name = Sa'd mawla Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]], [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = He joined [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] in 'Udhayb al-Hijanat
|Native name=سَعد مَولى عَمرو بن خالِد الصَیداوی}}
'''Saʿd''' the slave of ʿAmr (ʿUmar) b. Khalid al-Saydawi (Arabic: سَعد مَولى عَمرو بن خالِد الصَیداوی) ([[martyrdom]]: Day of Ashura, 61/680) was martyred at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He was the slave of 'Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi. He accompanied his master to join the caravan of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]] in 'Udhayb al-Hijanat. On the Day of [[Ashura|'Ashura]], he was martyred in the first attack.
==Introduction==
According to historical sources, Sa'd was the slave of Abu Khalid 'Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi. In ''Ibsar al-'ayn'', al-Samawi has introduced him an honorable and aspiring person. His master has been mentioned to be 'Amr or 'Umar b. Khalid. The name of Sa'd's father is unknown. In ''A'yan al-Shi'a'', al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin has quoted from some contemporary scholars that the name of Sa'd's father was 'Abd Allah. However, he considered it an unreliable record.
==The Battle of Karbala==
Sa'd and his master 'Amr were among those who left [[Kufa]] with the guidance of Al-Tirimmah to join the caravan of Imam al-Hussain in 'Udhayb al-Hijanat. [[Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi|Al-Hurr]] wanted to capture them or make them return, but Imam prevented him.
==Martyrdom==
On the Day of 'Ashura, he was martyred in the first attack. The four who had joined Imam in 'Udhayb al-Hijanat attacked the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd. The soldiers of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|'Umar b. Sa'd]] surrounded them and cut their connection with other companions of Imam al-Hussain. Then, [[Abbas B. ʿAli B. Abu Taleb|al-'Abbas b. Ali]] attacked the army of 'Umar b. Sa'd and rescued them. Once again, they attacked and fought until they were martyred in one place. He is buried in the mass grave of the martyrs of Karbala in the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain.
==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Sa%27d_(Slave_of_%27Amr_b._Khalid) WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:سعد غلام عمرو بن‌ خالد صیداوی‌]]

Qasit b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi

2022-02-26T16:03:26Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Qasit b. Zuhayr b. Harth al-Taghlibi
| Companion of = [[Imam Ali]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=قاسِط بن زُهیر بن حرث التغلبی}}'''Qasit b. Zuhay al-Taghlibi''' was among those companions of [[Imam Hussain]] who were [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the first attack of [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army. He was also a companion of [[Imam Ali]].

==Biography==
Qasit was a companion of [[Imam Ali]] who participated in various battles including Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan. <ref name=":0">Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 200.</ref>He was also a member of [[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Imam Hasan]]'s military force in [[Kufa]].<ref name=":0" />

==Martydom==
According to historical sources, he was among those [[martyrs of Karbala]] who were martyred in the first raid. After [[Imam Hussain]]'s caravan reached [[Karbala]], he and his brothers, [[Kurdus b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi|Kurdus]] and [[Muqsit b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi|Muqsit]] joined the Imam's army overnight and were martyred on the Day of [[Ashura]]. <ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 200.</ref>

He is mentioned in [[ziarat al-Shuhada]]: "peace be upon Qasit and Kurdus, the sons of Zuhayr al-Taghlibi".<ref>Ibn Mashhadī, ''al-Mazār al-kabīr'', p. 494; Shahīd al-Awwal, ''al-Mazar'', p. 153; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 98, p. 273.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Qasit_b._Zuhayr_al-Taghlibi WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3b%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3b_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:قاسط بن زهیر تغلبى]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Qasim b. al-Hasan

2022-02-26T16:03:25Z

Faraji:

'''Qasim b. al-Hasan,''' who accompanied [[Imam Hussain]] from Mecca to Karbala and was eventually martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]], is the son of [[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Imam al-Hasan]]. {{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Qasim b. al-Ḥasan
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Banu Hashim
| Well known relatives =[[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Imam Hasan]] (Father)
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = Medina
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=قاسم بن الحسن}}

==Biography==
It is stated in Tasleeyatul Majalis that his mother was a slave. There is no more information about his life prior to the Battle of Karbala. However, it is said in [[''Maqtal al-Khwarazmi'']] that he had not reached puberty when he was martyred.<ref>Makkī, ''Maqtal al-Khwārizmī'', vol. 2, p. 31.</ref> ''Lubab al-ansab'' wrote that he was 16.<ref>Bayhaqī, ''Lubāb al-ansāb'', vol. 1, p. 401</ref>

==Martyrdom==
It is quoted in Manaqib, that he was reciting the following Rajaz: “Verily I am Qasim from the progeny of Ali, by the Lord of the House! We possess superiority while being related to the Prophet than [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan|Shimr]] and the son of an illegitimate one”.
It is stated in the Amali of [[Shaikh Saduq]] that after Ali bin Hussain, Qasim bin Hasan stepped into the battlefield saying, “Do not be uneasy O my self for everyone shall perish, for today you shall meet the dwellers of Paradise”. He killed three men and they threw him from his horse upon the ground. Fattal Naishapuri too quotes similarly.
But Abul Faraj, [[Shaikh Mufid]] and [[Tabari]] relate from [[Abu Mikhnaf]], who relates from Sulayman bin Abi Rashid, from Hameed bin Muslim, who says that a youth, similar to ‘the first Splinter of the New Moon’, stepped into the battlefield. He held a sword in his hand and wore a cloak and shirt. He wore shoes in his feet, the strap of one of which was broken, and if I remember well it was the left one. [[Umar bin Sa’ad bin Nufayl Azdi]] said, “I desire to attack him”. I said, “Glory be to Allah! Why so? This army which has surrounded him from all sides will surely kill him”. He said, “By Allah! I shall attack him”. He attacked him and before he could turn his face towards him, he dealt a blow upon his head with his sword and slit it. The child fell down on his face upon the ground and called out, “Alas! O dear uncle! Come to my aid”.
Imam Hussain leapt into the battlefield like a wild falcon and attacked like a furious Lion. He attacked Umar with his sword and he put his hand against it, which got severed from the elbow and hung attached to it. It is stated in [[Irshad]], then he yelled aloud, which was heard by the entire army, and Imam Hussain lifted his hands off him. Then the Kufan army laid siege to rescue Umar.
It is narrated in Tasleeyatul Majalis, when the army attacked, the chest of their horses hit Umar and they started taking rounds until they trampled him and he died. When the sand rested, I saw Hussain standing at the head of Qasim, who was stretching his feet upon the ground. Imam Hussain said,
“Far be the nation who have killed you, while their enemy on the day of Qiyamah shall be your grandfather ([[the Prophet]])”.
Then he said,
“By Allah! It is hard upon your uncle that he could not come to your aid when you called him, or he answered but it could not benefit you”. (May Allah’s Mercy and Blessings be upon him).
According to [[Malhoof]], Imam said,
“By Allah! Here he has numerous murderers while his aides are quite less”.
Then he pressed him to his chest and took him in a state that his legs were drawing upon the ground. [[Tabari]] narrates that Imam Hussain pressed his chest to that of Qasim. I said to myself, “What does he intend doing to him?” Then he brought him and placed him near his son Ali bin Hussain (al Akbar) and other martyrs of his family. I asked, “Who is this child?” And I was told, “He is Qasim bin Hasan bin Ali bin Abi Talib”.
It is related that Imam Hussain said,
“O Lord! Reduce their quantity, kill each one of them, abandon every one of them, and never forgive them. Forbear O dear cousins! Forbear! O my household! After today you shall never ever see humiliation”.
Here the author quotes an elegy by Sayyid Haider in praise of Hazrat Qasim, which we forgo.
In a lengthy salutation quoted by Sayyid Murtaďa Alamul Huda (the Standard of Guidance) it is stated that: “Peace be upon Qasim, the son of Hasan, the son of Ali, and Mercy of Allah and His Blessings! Peace be upon you O the son of the beloved of Allah! Peace be upon you O son of the sweet basil of the Prophet of Allah! Peace be upon you O whose desires were left unfulfilled by the world! The one who could not cure his heart through the enemies of Allah until death hastened towards him and his desire died felicitations to you O beloved of the Prophet of Allah’s beloved! How felicitous is your striving, and how eminent is your honor, and how splendid is your place of return”.

In his book, ''al-Luhuf'', Sayyid b. Tawus reported his fight and martyrdom scene as following: "… at that moment a youngster whose face was [bright] like moon came to the battlefield and started fighting. Ibn Fudayl al-Azdi hit him on the head. His head was split and he fell on his face and shouted "O, my uncle!" Hussain came to him very fast and attacked the enemies like a lion. He attacked Ibn Fudayl and cut his hand from elbow as Ibn Fudayl had raised it to protect himself from the sword strike. Ibn Fudayl shouted and all the army heard him. They came to help him but trampled him to death.

Narrator says that when the dust cleared, I saw Hussain standing at the youngster's body and the boy was kicking his legs.

Al-Hussain said, "God may curse the people who killed you. Your father and your grandfather will avenge you on the Day of resurrection. By God! it is difficult for your uncle to call him but he does not answer you and if he does, it would not benefit you. By God! Today is a day that your uncle's enemies are many and his companions are few.

Then he cuddled the youngster and put him next to other martyrs of Banu Hashim."<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 68-69.</ref>

==source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Al-Qasim_b._al-Imam_al-Hasan_(a) WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3b%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3b_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

 

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:قاسم بن حسن (ع)]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Qarib b. Abd Allah

2022-02-26T16:03:23Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption = '''Tomb of Martyrs of Karbala in the Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain'''
| Full name = Qarib b. Abd Allah b. Urayqit
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Teknonym =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As = Qarib Mawla al-Hussain
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = Medina
| Demise =
| Cause of Demise =
| Martyrdom = 61/680 
| Cause of Martyrdom = [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Servent of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
|Native name=قارب بن عبدالله}}
'''Qarib b. Abd Allah''' (Arabic: قارب بن عبدالله) known as Qarib Mawla al-Hussain, was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He was a servant of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]. Qarib's father, 'Abd Allah b. Urayqit, served as [[Prophet Muhammad|the Prophet]]'s guide in his journey from Mecca to Medina. Qarib's mother was Imam Hussain's maid.

==Lineage==
Qarib's father, "Abd Allah b. Urayqit" was the Prophet's guide in immigration to Medina. "Fakiha", Qarib's mother was Imam Hussain's maid who worked in the house of Rabab, the wife of Imam. Imam Hussain asked her to marry Abd Allah Urayqit and after marriage, she gave birth to Qarib; therefore, Qarib was considered Imam's servant.

==The Battle of Karbala==
When Imam Hussain declined to offer allegiance ([[baya]]) to [[Yazid]], he decided to left Medina. In Imam's journey from Medina to Mecca and from there to Karbala, Qarib accompanied him. It is said that he was martyred in the first attack of the enemy, before the noon of [[Ashura]]. In the [[Ziyarah al-shuhada]], it is mentioned:

''Peace be upon Qarib, servant of Hussain b. Ali".''

Fakiha, Qarib's mother, was also present in the event of Karbala and was among the Captives of Karbala.

==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Qarib_b._Abd_Allah WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:قارب بن عبدالله بن اریقط دئلی]]

Nafi b. Hilal b. Jamil

2022-02-26T16:03:22Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Nafi b. Hilal b. Jamil al-Bajali
| Companion of = [[Imam Ali]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Madhhij
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Holy shrine of [[Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in battles of Jamal, Siffin, Nahrawan and Event of [[Karbala]]
|Native name=نافع بن هلال بن جمیل}}'''Nafi b. Hilal b. Jamil''', was among companion of [[Imam Hussain]] who was martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]. Nafi' was a companion of [[Imam Ali]] and devote [[Shiʿa|Shi'a]] and supporter of [[ahl al-bayt]]. He joined Imam Hussain's caravan at [[Udhayb al-Hijanat]]. He was reciter of the Qur'an and a writer of [[Hadith|hadiths]].

==In Imam Ali's time==
Nafi' b. Hilal was a companion of [[Imam Ali]] <ref>Ibn Shajarī, ''al-Amālī'', vol. 1, p. 172.</ref>and participated in three battles: Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Ḥusayn'', p. 147.</ref> it is reported as saying that Imam Ali himself had taught him the skills of combat. <ref>Waqār Shīrāzī, ''ʿAshra kāmila'', p. 402.</ref>

==Joining Imam Hussain's caravan==
Imam Hussain’s caravan halted at [[Udhayb al-Hijanat]] that was the pasture of an-No’man bin al-Munthir’s horses. It was near the border between the Arabia, Iraq and Persia. Here, [[Thur-Rimma bin Adi]], Nafi’ bin Hilal, [[Majm’a bin Abdullah]] and [[Amr b. Khalid al-Saydawi]] met Imam Hussain. Thur-Rimma was an expert guide of the desert roads. Thur-Rimma recited a poem eulogizing Imam Hussain and his noble cause and cursing the [[Banu Umayya]] and their evil deeds. All the four men pledged their support to Imam Hussain<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Ḥusayn'', p. 147.</ref> Imam Hussain asked them about the people of [[Kufa]], and they replied:

"the nobles of Kufa received bribes and are now against you. The rest of people are with you in their hearts, but against you with their swords." <ref>Ibn Nimā al-Ḥillī, ''Muthīr al-aḥzān'', p. 31.</ref>

When Nafi' b. Hilal wanted to go to the battle on the Day of [[Ashura]], his wife asked him not to do so. But he insisted that he had to help Imam Hussain. And when Imam learned about this, he told Nafi': "Your wife is worried, and I do not want you to lose one another when you are so young. You are free to take your wife with you!"

Nafi' replied: "O' the son of the [[Prophet]]! If I leave you alone in such hardship and go through my pleasures, how can I face your grandfather, the Prophet, in the Day of Judgment?"<ref>Kāshifī, ''Rawḍat al-shuhadāʾ'', p. 298; Lisān al-Mulk Sipihr, ''Nāsikh al-tawārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 277.</ref>

==Renewing allegiance with Imam Hussain ==
On the second day of [[Muharram]], Imam Hussain arrived in [[Karbala]]. He called all his households, friends and companions to gather around him. He first looked at his households, cried and said:

"O' God! We are the [[Ahl Al-Bayt|Ahl al-Bayt]], households, of the [[Prophet]] and ; we have been ousted [from our city]; we have been forced to leave the sanctuary of our grandfather, the Prophet, and we have been disrespected by [[Umayyad|Banu Umayya]]. O' God! Give our rights and possessions back to us, and assist us against injustice!"

After his remarks, the companions of Imam Hussain rose one by one, declared their support of Imam, and renewed their pledge of allegiance with him. After [[Zuhayr b. al-Qayn|Zuhayr b. Qayn]], Nafi' told Imam:

"You know that your grandfather, the Prophet, could not get all the people to love him or have them all under his command. Some of his companions were hypocrites; they promised to help the Prophet, whereas they betrayed him in the back; they were very sweet to him when they met him, but they were very bitter in his back, until he passed away. The same was the case with your father, Ali. Some people gathered around him to offer him help; Nakithun, Qasitun and Mariqun waged wars against him and opposed him, until he died. Now the same is true about you. People who broke their promises and violated their pledges for allegiance have just harmed themselves, and indeed God does not need them. So you can take us wherever you wish; to the East of the world or to its West. We swear to God that we are not afraid of the fate God has determined for us; we are not afraid of meeting our Lord. We act upon our insights. We love whoever loves you and we hate whoever fights with you."<ref>Ibn Aʿtham al-Kūfī, ''Kitāb al-Futūḥ'', vol. 5, p. 83; Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Malhūf ʿalā qatlā al-ṭufūf'', p. 138.</ref>

==Bringing water==
[[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad]] ordered [[Omar Ibn Sa’d]] to block Hussain ibn Ali and his companions from accessing [[water]] in a letter. On the 7th of [[Muharram]] of the year 61 AH, Omar ibn Sa'd commissioned Amro ibn al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi and 500 cavalry soldiers to guard the Alghameh river—a branch of the Euphrates—to prevent Imam Hussain's army from accessing the water. Then, Imam Hussain called on [[Abbas B. Ali B. Abu Taleb|Abbas b. Ali]] to bring water for the camp. Abbas b. Ali along with 30 cavalries and 20 infantries, including Nafi' b. Hilal—went to [[Euphrates]] overnight in order to bring water.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 181; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 412-413; Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 117; Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 346-347.</ref> However, when Abbas and his companions, with Nafi' in their forefront, arrived at the river, [[Amr b. al-Hajjaj al-Zubaydi|Amr b. Hajjaj al-Zubaydi]], the commander of the group of soldiers who protected Euphrates, shouted: "Who are you?".

Nafi said: "We came here to drink from the water you have forbidden us",

Amr replied: "You are very welcome to drink! But you cannot take any water to al-Hussain",

Nafi replied: "No, I swear to God, I will not drink from this water, while Hussain and his households and companions are all thirsty". <ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 181; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 412-413; Abū l-Faraj al-Iṣfahānī, ''Maqātil al-ṭālibīyyīn'', p. 117; Khwārizmī, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 346-347.</ref>

When Imam Hussain's companions arrived there, Nafi' shouted: "fill your water-skins with water!"

Amr b. Hajjaj and his soldiers tried to prevent the companions of Abbas b. Ali and Nafi' b. Hilal from taking water to Imam Hussain's camp and a deadly combat started. Some companions of Imam managed to fill their water-skins with water and take them to the camps. In this event, some soldiers of the enemy were killed and injured.

==Eve of Ashura==
During the night before [[Ashura]], Nafi' b. Hilal noticed that [[Imam Hussain]] went out of his camp, on his own, to inspect the hills around. Nafi' followed Imam. When Imam noticed the presence of Nafi', he told him "Why did you come out of your camp?"

Nafi' replied: "O' the son of the [[Prophet]]! I am worried about your life especially when you show up to this cruel army.

Imam said: "I have come out to inspect the ups and downs of this field before tomorrow's war breaks", said Imam Hussain . When the inspection was all done, Imam Hussain told Nafi': "Do you not want to disappear in this dark night to save your life?"

Nafi' fell on Imam Hussain's feet and replied: "I have a sword that is worth one thousand dirhams and I have a horse that is worth about one thousand dirhams. I swear to God that I would never leave you alone so long as my sword can cut".<ref>Bihbahānī, ''al-Damʿat al-sākiba'', vol. 4, p. 273; Muqarram, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 219.</ref>

After this dialogue, Imam Hussain went to his sister, [[Zaynab]]'s camp. Nafi' b. Hilal stayed outside waiting for Imam. He overheard Zaynab saying to Imam: "Have you put your companions to test? I am worried about them betraying us and surrendering you to the enemy".

Imam Hussain replied: "I swear to God that I have tested them. They are brave people who look at death with the corner of their eyes and they love to die for me just as an infant loves its mother's breast".

Nafi' thought that Imam Hussain 's household may have concerns about the faithfulness and perseverance of Imam's companions. So he went to [[Habib b. Muzahir]] and talked to him about the concerns of Imam's households. They decided to go to Imam Hussain and his households to ensure them that they will defend them until the last breath of their lives.<ref>Bihbahānī, ''al-Damʿat al-sākiba'', vol. 4, p. 273-274; Muqarram, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 219.</ref>

"I swear to God that I would now attack the enemy's army had we not been waiting for Imam's command", said Habib to Nafi'. "I overheard Imams sister. I think we should ensure households about our faithfulness. Can you take your men to Imam's households in order to assuage their concerns?"

Habib b. Muzahir called Imam's companions and told Banu Hashim to return to their camps. He then told the remaining people what he had heard from Nafi'. They all said: "We swear to God—who privileged and honored us to be here that we would attack the enemy had we not been waiting for Imam Hussain's command".

Habib b. Muzahir and other companions of Imam Hussain approached the camps of Imam's households with their drawn swords and said: "O' the household of the Prophet! These are the swords of your men that will not go back to the sheath unless they kill your enemies. These are your men's spears, and they swear to push them into your enemy's breasts".

==Day of Ashura==
When [[Amr b. Qaraza|Amr b. Qaraza al-Ansari]] was killed in Ashura, his brother, Ali, who was in the army of [[Umar b. Sa'd]] told Imam Hussain : "al-Hussain! You have deceived my brother and caused his death! I have not deceived your brother,"

Imam replied, "God has guided him to the right path and you have been misled".

Ali b. Qaraza al-Ansari told Imam: "May God kill me if I do not kill you or be killed by you!" and under the pretext of avenging his brother, he attacked Imam, but Nafi' b. Hilal al-Bajali injured him before he could attack Imam.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 192; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 434; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 67.</ref> Nafi' combated the companions of 'Ali b. Qaraza.

==Martyrdom==
In the Day of Ashura, Nafi' b. Hilal carved his name on his arrows, poisoned them, and then threw them to the enemies. With his arrows, Nafi' killed twelve people from Umar b. Sa'd's army and injured many. When he ran out of arrows, he drew his sword and attacked the enemy.

The army of the enemy was all around him when they attacked him with their arrows and stones. His arms were broken and he was taken as prisoner. [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan|Shimr]] and some of his companions took him to Umar b. Sa'd. Umar told him: "O' Nafi'! Woe to you! Why did you do this to yourself?'.

"My Lord knows of my intent", said Nafi' with bloods flowing from his beard, "I swear to God that I do not blame myself for killing twelve of your soldiers. If my arms were not broken, you could never capture me."

Umar b. Sa'd ordered Shimr to kill him. Nafi told Shimr: "I swear to God that if you are really a Muslim, it would be very difficult for you to meet God while your hands are stained with our bloods. I thank God to have left our death to the hands of the worst of his creatures." He was then murdered by Shimr.<ref>Lisān al-Mulk Sipihr, ''Nāsikh al-tawārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 277-279; Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 197; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 441-442; Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 71-72.</ref>

Nafi' b. Hilal has been mentioned in [[Ziarat al-Rajabiyya]] of Imam Hussain and [[Ziyara al-Shuhada]].

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Nafi%27_b._Hilal_al-Bajali WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:نافع‌ بن‌ هلال بجلی]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Muslim b. Kathir al-Azdi

2022-02-26T16:03:21Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Muslim b. Kathir al-Azdi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =Al-A'raj
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =[[Shiʿa]]
| Lineage = Azd tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Imam Ali]], [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]],[[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the Battle of Jamal and [[Battle of Karbala]], pledging allegiance to [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. 'Aqil]],
|Native name=مسلم بن کثیر الازدی}}'''Muslim b. Kathir Azdi''' known as al-A'raj was among the companions of [[Imam Hussain]] who was martyred in the [[battle of Karbala]]. He was also a companion of [[Imam Ali]].

==Lineage==

Muslim was a devote [[Shi'a]] who accompanied [[Imam Ali]] in various battles including the battle of Jamal when his foot was wounded by Amr b. Dabba al-Tamimi and became paralyzed,<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Fursān al-hayjāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 36. Jump up↑</ref> he was called al-A'raj.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', vol. 1, p. 185.</ref>

==In the Battle of Karbala==
Muslim was among those who wrote letter to Imam and invited him to Kufa. In Kufa, he helped Muslim b. Aqil and after Muslim b. Aqil was left alone, he went out of Kufa<ref>Madīnat al-Ḥusayn'', vol. 1, p. 60.''</ref> and joined Imam Hussain near Karbala and was martyred in the first attack of the army of [[Umar b. Sa'd]].<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 260.</ref>

His name is mentioned in the [[Ziarat al-Rajabiyya of Imam Hussain]] as Sulayman: "Peace be upon Sulayman b. Kathir".<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', vol. 3, p. 346.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Muslim_b._Kathir_al-Azdi WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[fa:مسلم بن کثیر اعرج]]

Muslim b. Awsaja al-Asadi

2022-02-26T16:03:20Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Muslim b. Awsaja al-Asadi
| Companion of = [[Prophet Muhammad]], [[Imam Ali]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =Abu Hajal
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =[[Shi'a]]
| Lineage = Banu Asad
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Holy shrine of [[Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Being one of sahaba and narrating hadith from the [[Prophet]], participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=ابوحَجَل مسلم بن عوسجه الأسدی}}'''Muslim b. Awsaja al-Asadi''' was a sincere friend of [[ahl al-bayt]] and the first one among the companions of [[Imam Hussain]] to attain [[martyrdom]] on the day of [[Ashura]]. He was also a companion of [[Prophet]] and [[Imam Ali]].

==Lineage==
Abu Hajal, Muslim b. Awsaja b. Sa'd was from the tribe of Banu Asad, [[Kufa]].<ref>Ḥusaynī Tehrānī, ''Maʿādshināsī, vol. 2, p. 319.''</ref> He was a companion of [[Prophet Muhammad]] who met the Prophet in his life time and narrated [[hadith]] form him<ref>Abī Mikhnaf, ''Maqtal al-Ḥusayn'', p. 136-138.</ref> and also a companion of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Fursān al-hayjāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 155.</ref> and [[Imam Hussain]].

==In Kufa==
According to some sources, the first place where [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] resided upon his arrival in [[Kufa]] was the house of Muslim b. Awsaja's house.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 8, p. 152.</ref> People gathered there to take oath of allegiance.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 8, p. 163.</ref> They swore to Allah they would defend Imam Hussain to their last breath. They sent letters to Imam Hussain about the allegiance of people. Then Imam Hussain left Mecca to Kufa.

The spy of [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]], Ma'qil, met Muslim ibn Awsaja al-Asadi in the mosque. Ma'qil told Muslim ibn Awsaja that he was a friend and follower of the Ahl al-Bayt and that having heard that Muslim b. Aqil was in Kufa as the Ambassador of Imam Hussain, he was desirous of meeting and paying his allegiance to Imam Hussain at the hands of Muslim ibn Aqil. Ma'qil told Muslim ibn Awsaja that he was carrying three thousand Dirhams to be given to Imam Hussain through Muslim ibn Aqil. The ruse worked and Muslim Ibn Awsaja, after extracting promises of secrecy, took Ma'qil to [[Hani]]’s house. Ma'qil met Muslim ibn Aqil and handed over the bag of coins to his (Muslim) treasurer Abu Thumama. Ma'qil then returned to the palace to inform Ibn Ziyad that Muslim was staying with Hani. After [[Haniʾ b. ʿUrwa al-Muradi|Hani b. Urwa]] was arrested, Muslim b. Aqil chose commanders for his army in order to organize the soldiers; he assigned Muslim b. Awsaja as the commander of Banu Asad and Madhhij.<ref>Qarashī, ''Mawsūʿat sīrat Ahl al-Bayt'', vol. 13, p. 380.</ref>

Following the arrest and martyrdom of Hani b. Urwa and Muslim b. Aqil, Muslim b. Awsaja decided to hide in a safe house. Then after the arrival of Imam Hussain, he joined Imam's army with his family in [[Karbala]]. <ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 137.</ref>

==In Karbala==
Muslim b. Awsaja's wife and children attended the [[Battle of Karbala]].

At the night before Ashura, when Imam Hussain told his soldiers: "you are allowed to leave Karbala and your promises and oath of allegiance have served well so far, you are not obligated to stay for the battle." Then, some companions declared their loyalty to Imam Hussain over again. After the descendants of Banu Hashim, Muslim b. Awsaja was the first one who said:

"Oh, Abu Abd Allah! We would never leave you alone. How is it possible to bring excuses to Allah? O, by Allah, never! We will never leave you alone; I will never give up; I will slay the enemies with my spear and sword until it drops on the ground; then I stone them. By Allah, I would never leave you alone until I fulfill my duties to Allah and defend the descendants of Prophet Muhammad. O, by Allah, if I am perished, I would reborn, and then if I am burnt and turned into ashes, I would reborn; and if it happens seventy times I would reborn and fight for you until I am martyred for you. I would never leave you as I know I will be perished once. Consequently, eternal prosperity and dignity would be mine."<ref>Muḥammadī Rayshahrī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn bar pāya-yi Qurʾān wa ḥadīth'', vol. 6, p. 20.</ref>

Imam Hussain expressed gratitude to each one of them and returned his tent.

===The Day of Ashura===
Imam Hussain and his soldiers dug a trench around the rear part of their tent and set fire inside it. After seeing the flaming fire, [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] shouted: "O Hussain! You are preparing fire of this world for yourself before the judgment day?! "

Imam Hussain replied: "Who is that man? Is he Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan?"

Then Imam referred to Sura Maryam, verse 70 and said: "O goatherd boy! You deserve flames of Hell! "

Then Muslim b. Awsaja was ready to kill Shimr with an arrow and asked for Imam Hussain's permission; however Imam rejected his request and said: "I do not want to commence the battle."<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', p. 449.</ref>

==Martyrdom==
Muslim fought valiantly in the battle of Karbala, while reciting the following Rajaz: “If you inquire about me, (know that) I am a male Lion, (I am) from the chiefs and notables of the branch of Bani Asad, thus the one who oppresses us has deviated from the Right Path and from the Religion of the Self Sufficient, Omnipotent (Lord).”
Muslim b. Awsaja had numerous injuries and he was bleeding heavily, then he fell on the ground. Imam Hussain and [[Habib b. Muzahir]] came by his side. Imam said: "May God have mercy on your soul".

Then he recited the verse: "some have completed their vow to (the extreme) and some still wait, but they have never changed (their determination) in the past."<ref>''Qurʾan 33:23.''</ref>

Then Habib b. Muzahir said to him: "your loss is hardly tolerable to me, but I give glad tidings to you on Paradise".

Muslim b. Awsaja replied with difficulties: "May God send his blessing on you."

Habib replied: "I wish I could carry out what you desire as your will."

Muslim replied: "I advise you to defend him (Imam Hussain ) to your last breath and never give up trying".

And Habib replied: "I accomplish what you desire and I will make you delighted."<ref>Sayyid b. Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf fī qatlā l-ṭufūf'', p. 133.</ref>

According to [[Ziarat al-Shuhada]], Muslim b. Awsaja was the first one who was martyred in the Battle of Karbala.<ref>Abī Mikhnaf, ''Waqʿat al-Ṭaff'', p. 225.</ref> And Imam Hussain promised him salvation by the name of Allah. While those who participated in the martyrdom of Muslim b. Awsaja are cursed by Imam Hussain .<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', p. 50.</ref>

The murderers of Muslim bin Awsaja were [[Muslim bin Abdullah Zababi]] and [[Abd al-Rahman b. Abi Khushkara al-Bajali]].

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Muslim_b._%27Awsaja_al-Asadi WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:مسلم بن عوسجه]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Muqsit b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi

2022-02-26T16:03:18Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Muqsiṭ b. Zuhayr b. Ḥarth al-Taghlibi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Taghlib tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place =
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=مُقسِط بن زُهَیر بن حَرث التَغلِبی}}'''Muqsit b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi''' was a companion of [[Imam Hussain]] who was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the [[Battle of Karbala]]. He was also a companion of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]]. According to some sources, he was [[Martyrdom|martyred]] in the first attack of [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army.

==Biography==
Muqsit accompanied Imam Ali in various battles including battles of Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan. <ref name=":0">Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 200.</ref>

He was also a member of [[Hasan B. Ali B. Abi Taleb|Imam Hasan]] military forces in [[Kufa]].<ref name=":0" />

==In the Battle of Karbala==
After [[Imam Hussain]]'s caravan reached [[Karbala]], he and his brothers, [[Kurdus b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi|Kurdus]] and [[Qasit b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi|Qasit]], joined the Imam's army overnight. He was martyred on the Day of [[Ashura]].<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 200.</ref> According to historical sources, he was among those Martyrs of [[Karbala]] who were martyed in the first attack of [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army.

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Muqsit_b._Zuhayr_al-Taghlibi WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3b%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3b_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:مقسط بن زهیر بن حارث]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Munjih b. Sahm

2022-02-26T16:03:17Z

Faraji:

Muhammad b. Abi Sa'id b. Aqil

2022-02-26T16:03:16Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Muhammad b. Abi Sa'id b. Aqil
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =[[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib]]
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Event of [[Karbala]]
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=محمد بن أبی سَعید بن عَقیل}}'''Muhammad b. Abi Saʿid b. Aqil,''' 7 years old, was among the martyrs of [[Banu Hashim]].

==Lineage==
Some Shia scholars of Rijal have mentioned his name as Muhammad b. Sa'id<ref>Ibn Dāwūd, ''Kitāb al-rijāl'', vol. 1, p. 172; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 259.</ref> and some others have recorded his name as Muhammad b. Abi Sa'd,<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl al-ḥasana'', vol. 3, p. 243; Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib'', vol. 3, p. 259.</ref> but some have considered Abu Sa'id, the kunya of Abd Allah b. Aqil and have considered a possibility that Muhammad b. Sa'id would have actually been the same Muhammad b. Abd Allah b. Aqil.<ref>Kāshānī, ''Tadhkirat al-shuhadāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 154.</ref>

==Martyrdom==
After the [[martyrdom]] of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], a teenager called Muhammad b. Abi Sa'id b. Aqil came out of the tents and looked around anxiously and fearfully. One of the soldiers of [[Umar b. Sa'd]] called Luqayt b. Ayas (Nashir) al-Juhani attacked him and killed him with a strike.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 91.</ref>

five of the martyrs of [[Karbala]] had not reached the age of puberty and one of them was Muhammad b. Abi Sa'id b. Aqil who was 7 years old.<ref>Bayḍūn, ''Mawsūʿat Karbalā'', vol. 1, p. 529.</ref>

In the Ziyarah al-Shuhada, he has been mentioned as, "Peace be upon Muhammad b. Abi Sa'id b. 'Aqil and may God curse his murderer, Luqayt b. Nashir al-Juhani."<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Iqbāl bi-l-aʿmāl'', vol. 3, p. 76.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Muhammad_b._Abi_Sa%27id_b._Aqil WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:محمد بن‌ ابی‌ سعید نواده عقیل]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Muhammad b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far

2022-02-26T16:03:15Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Muhammad b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far b. Abi Talib b. Abd al-Muttalib
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Banu Hashim
| Well known relatives =[[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]](Grandfather), [[Fatima]](Grandmather), [[Zaynab]](Mother)
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =Medina
| Place of Residence = Medina
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]],[[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=محمد بن عبدالله بن جعفر}}'''Muḥammad b. Abd Allah b. Jaʿfar''' was [[Zaynab]]'s son. Together with his brother [[Awn b. Abd Allah b. Ja'far al-Tayyar|Awn]], Muhammad accompanied [[Imam Hussain]] and they were [[martyrs of Karbala]].

==Biography==
His father was Abd Allah b. Ja'far b. Abi Talib a Companion of the [[Prophet]]. His ancestor was Ja'far al-Tayyar, whom the Prophet appointed as the head of the emigrants to Abyssinia. his mother was [[Zaynab]],<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Kāmil-i Bahāʾī'', p. 674.</ref> the daughter of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] and [[Fatima]] .

==Accompanying Imam Hussain==
When Imam Hussain moved from Mecca to Medina, Abd Allah b. Ja'far wrote a letter to the Imam, trying to change the Imam's mind. He sent the letter through his sons Muhammad and Awn, but when Ja'far realized that the Imam is determined to go, he advised Muhammad and Awn to accompany the Imam.<ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 69.</ref>

==Martyrdom==
On the Day of [[Ashura]], Muhammad fought bravely and killed 10 warriors of enemy's army, but at the end was killed by Amir b. Nahshal al-Tamimi.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib'', vol. 4, p. 106.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Muhammad_b._%27Abd_Allah_b._Ja%27far WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==

[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:محمد بن‌ عبدالله بن‌ جعفر طیار]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Malik b. Abd Allah al-Hamdani

2022-02-26T16:03:13Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Malik b. 'Abd Allah b. Suray' b. Jabir al-Hamdani al-Jabiri
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Hamdan tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=مالک بن عبدالله بن سریع الهَمْدانی}}'''Malik b. Abd Allah al-Hamdani''' joined [[Imam Hussain]] in the [[Battle of Karbala]] and was one of the [[Martyrs of Karbala]].

==Lineage==
Malik b. Abd Allah b. Suray b. Jabir al-Hamdani al-Jabiri was from the Banu Jabir tribe. Banu Jabir was a branch of the Hamdan tribe. People of Hamdan were originally from Yemen and lived in [[Kufa]].<ref>Samʿānī, ''al-Ansāb'', p. 419.</ref>

==Battle of Karbala==
Malik b. Abd Allah b. Suray and Sayf b. al-Harith al-Hamdani, who were maternal half-brothers as well as paternal cousins through their fathers, went to [[Karbala]] together with their servant, Shabib, and joined the companions of [[Imam Hussain]]. On the Day of [[Ashura]] when they saw the Imam against the enemy's army, they went to him with crying eyes.

The Imam told them: " O nephews! Why are you crying? I swear to God that you will soon be delighted!"

They said: "May God sacrifice us for you! We swear to God that we are not crying for us; we are crying because we see you sieged and we cannot support you."

The Imam replied: "May God give you the best reward He gives the pious men for your companionship and help!"

After the martyrdom of Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami, Sayf and Malik told the Imam: "Peace be upon you, O the son of the God's messenger!" and then they attacked the enemy's army.

The Imam (a) said: "God's peace, mercy and blessings be upon you!"

They fought while supporting each other until they were both martyred.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 132-133; Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 5, p. 443-444.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Malik_b._Abd_Allah_al-Hamdani WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==

[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[fa:مالک بن عبدالله جابری]]

Kurdus b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi

2022-02-26T16:03:12Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Kurdus b. Zuhayr b. Harth al-Taghlibi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=کُرْدُوس بن زُهیر بن حرث التغلبی}}Martyred on the day of Ashura, '''Kurdus b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi''' was a companion of [[Imam Ali]].

==Companion of Imam Ali==
Kurdus b. Zuhayr is referred to as Kurdus, son of the chief of Taghlib tribe.<ref>Naṣr b. Muzāḥīm al-Minqarī, ''Waqʿat Ṣiffīn'', p. 478.</ref> He was a companion of Imam Ali who attended the battles of Jamal, Siffin, and Nahrawan along with him.

In the book, al-Mazar, by al-Shahid al-Awwal<ref>Shahīd al-Awwal, ''al-Mazār'', p. 153.</ref>, and Bihar al-anwar<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 98, p. 273.</ref> he is mentioned as Kursh.

==Martydom==
He was also a member of [[Imam Hussain]]’s military force in [[Kufa]].<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 200.</ref> Before Imam Hussain's arrival in [[Karbala]], he and his brothers, [[Qasit b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi|Qasit]] and [[Muqsit b. Zuhayr al-Taghlibi|Muqsit]] joined the Imam’s army. He was martyred on the Day of [[Ashura]]. It is said that he was martyred in the first attack of [[Umar b. Sa'd]]'s army.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 200.</ref>

He is mentioned in [[Ziarat Ashura|Ziarat al-Shuhada]]: "peace be upon Qasit and Kurdus, the sons of Zuhayr al-Taghlibi".<ref>Ibn Mashhadī, ''al-Mazār al-kabīr'', p. 494.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Kurdus_b._Zuhayr_al-Taghlibi WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:کردوس بن زهیر تغلبی]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Juwayn b. Malik

2022-02-26T16:03:11Z

Faraji:

'''Juwayn b. Malik''' (or al-Tamimi) (Arabic: جُوَین بن مالِک) was martyred in the Battle of [[Karbala]]. His name was mentioned in sources either as Juwayr b. Malik or Huway b. Malik. Some other reports have mistaken him for Jawn, servant of Abu Dhar.{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
|name=|image=Martyrs of Karbala.jpg|image size=|caption=|Full name=Juwayn b. Malik|Companion of=[[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]|Kunya=|Epithet=|Well Known As=|Religious Affiliation=|Lineage=|Well known relatives=|Birth=|Place of Birth=|Place of Residence=|Death/martyrdom=Day of [[Ashura]], 61/680|Cause of Death/martyrdom=Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]|Burial place=|Professors=|Students=|Works=|Activities=|Native name=جُوَین بن مالِک}} 
==Battle of Karbala==
As a member of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|'Umar b. Sa'd]] army, he came to Karbala to fight with [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]. However, when he saw that [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Ibn Ziyad]] did not accept the suggestion of Imam Hussain and they engaged in a war, he joined Imam at night with some people of his tribe. They have been mentioned as seven people. He was martyred in the first attack of the army of Ibn Sa'd on the Day of [[Ashura]].
His name has been mentioned in [[Ziyara al-Shuhada]]: "Peace be upon Juwayn b. Malik al-Duba'i."
==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Juwayn_b._Malik WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:جوین بن مالک ضبعی]]

Jawn b. Huway

2022-02-26T16:03:10Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption = Burial Place of most of the martyrs of the Battle of Karbala, near the holy grave of Imam al-Hussain in his Holy Shrine of Imam al-Hussain #Mausoleums of the Martyrs of Karbala|shrine
| Full name =
| Companion of = [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Nubia
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom = Day of [[Ashura]]
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=جَون بن حُوَی}}
'''Jawn b. Huway''' (Arabic: جَون بن حُوَی) was a slave of Abu Dhar al-Ghifari and supporter of the [[Ahl Al-Bayt|Ahl Ahlul Bayt]]. He was among the prominent martyrs. When he was martyred Imam al-Hussain came to his body and prayed for him.

==Name==
Al-Shaykh al-Mufid stated his name was Juwayn. al-Tabari called him Huway. Ibn Shahr Ashub stated his name as Juwayn b. Abi Malik. Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani, Shaykh al-Tusi and al-Sayyid b. Tawus stated his name as Jawn.

==Life==
Jawn originally came from Nubia. He was the slave of Fadl b. 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-Muttalib and [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] bought him and gave him to Abu Dhar al-Ghifari. He served Abu Dhar until his demise in al-Rabada in 32/653. Afterwards he returned to Imam Ali and stayed with his descendants. Jawn was particularly skilled in repairing and preparing weapons. [[ʿAli b. al-Hussain|Imam al-Sajjad]] stated in this regard that Jawn was preparing weapons in the tent of Imam al-Hussain during the night before Ashura.

==Battle of Karbala==
Imam al-Hussain told Jawn that he did not need to fight in the Battle of Karbala. However Jawn replied,<blockquote>By God, I will never leave you until my blood is shed for you.</blockquote>According to one narration, Jawn entered the battle after [['Amr b. Qaraza|'Amr b. Qaraza]]. Another narration states that he entered the battle after he made his noon prayer on the day of Ashura. He was martyred after slaying twenty five enemy soldiers.
After he was killed, Imam al-Hussain went to his body and made this supplication,<blockquote>Oh God, have his face bight and his smell delightful, have him resurrected with the good alongside [[Prophet Muhammad]] and Descendants of the Prophet his descendants.</blockquote>His body was buried along with other martyrs of the Battle of Karbala near the burial place of Imam al-Hussain. However Allama al-Majlisi stated that his body was found after ten days while it had beautiful smell. His name is also cited in Ziyarah al-Shuhada, when it states,<blockquote>Peace be upon Jawn the servant of Abu Dhar al-Ghifari.</blockquote>

==Source==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Jawn_b._Huway WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:جون بن حوی]]

Jabala b. Ali al-Shaybani

2022-02-26T16:03:09Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Jabala b. Ali al-Shaybani
| Companion of = [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation = Shi'a
| Lineage = Banu Shayban tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = [[Kufa]]
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = The Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participated in the Battle of Siffin, the Uprising of [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]], and [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=جَبَلَة بن عَلی الشَیبانی}}
'''Jabala b. Ali al-Shaybani''' (Arabic: جَبَلَة بن عَلی الشَیبانی) was martyred at the Battle of [[Karbala]]. He also supported [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] in the [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-the-quran/siffin-battle-of-EQSIM_00388 Battle of Siffin] and [[Muslim b. ʿAqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] in his uprising in [[Kufa]].

==Before Karbala==
Jabala b. Ali was from Banu Shayban tribe (a branch of Bakr b. Wa'il). He was famous for his bravery. According to some sources, he was in Imam Ali's army in the Battle of Siffin. He also accompanied Muslim b. Aqil in his uprising in Kufa. Before Muslim was [[martyrdom|martyred]], Jabala hid among his own tribe. Thus he escaped capture by ibn Ziyad.

==During Karbala==
When Imam [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain]] reached Karbala, Jabala joined his army. He was then martyred in the first attack on the Day of [[Ashura]].

[[Ziyarah al-Shuhada'|Ziyarat al-Shuhada]] mentions him by name, saying, <blockquote>Peace be upon Jabala b. 'Ali al-Shaybani</blockquote>

==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Jabala_b._%27Ali_al-Shaybani WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:جبله ‌بن‌ علی شیبانی]]

Ja'far b. Ali

2022-02-26T16:03:07Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Ja'far b. Ali
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =[[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]], [[Umm al-Banin]] (mother), [[Abbas B. Ali B. Abu Taleb|Abbas b. Ali]] (brother)
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence = Medina
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Martyrdom]] in the Battle of Karbala
| Burial place = Holy Shrine of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]], [[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
|Native name=جعفر بن علی بن أبی طالب}}'''Jaʿfar b. Ali b. Abi Talib''' was a son of [[Imam Ali]] and [[Umm al-Banin]]. He and his brothers [[Abbas B. Ali B. Abu Taleb|Abbas]], [[Abd Allah ibn Ali|Abd Allah]], and [[Uthman b. Ali|Uthman]] accompanied [[Imam Hussain]] in his journey from Mecca to [[Kufa]] and were finally martyred at the [[Battle of Karbala]].

==Lineage==
His mother, the daughter of Hizam b. Khalid b. Rabi’a from the Arab tribe of Banu Kilab, was the mother of three more sons of Ali b. Abi Talib, and for this reason she became known as Umm al-Banin. Imam Ali named him Ja'far due to the great love he had for his brother Ja'far b. Abi Talib.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 69.</ref>

According to some sources, Ja'far was 19 years old when he was martyred<ref>Amīn, ''Aʿyān al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 149.</ref> and thus was born after the martyrdom of his father. O thers state thathe was 21 years old<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 69.</ref> so he was born two years before the martyrdom of Imam Ali.

==Before Ashura==
As [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan]] was from the same tribe as Umm al-Banin, in the evening of [[Tasu'a]] he came close to the camp of Imam al-Hussain and addressed 'Abbas and his brothers as nieces and wanted them to abandon Imam al-Hussain in return for a safe-conduct from [[Ubayd Allah b. Ziyad]], but they refused and remained with Imam al-Hussain.

==In the Battle of Karbala==
Since the beginning of the movement of Imam Hussain from Medina, Ja'far accompanied him. According to the report of historians, in the evening of the Day of Ashura, Abbas encouraged his brothers Abd Allah, Ja'far, and Uthman to go to the battlefield before him and said, "Proceed, so that I see your sincerity and benevolence on the way of God and His Prophet, since you do not have any children." <ref>Mufīd, ''al-Irshād'', vol. 2, p. 109.</ref>

So, Ja'far went to the battlefield and fought bravely. Finally, [[Khawli b. Yazid al-Asbahi]] threw an arrow at him which hit his temple or his eye<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib'', vol. 4, p. 107</ref> and according to another report, [[Hani b. Thubayt|Hani b. Thubayt al-Hadrami]] martyred him.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''Manāqib'', vol. 4, p. 116.</ref>
Abul Faraj quotes Imam [[Mohammad al-Baqir]] saying,
“Khawli Asbahi killed him”.
[[Ibn Shahr Ashob]] says that Khawli Asbahi shot an arrow that pierced his temple or his eye.

Ja'far b. Ali was mentioned in [[Ziarat al-Shuhada]] among [[martyrs of Karbala]].

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Ja%27far_b._al-Imam_Ali_(a) WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3b%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3b_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category:Imam Ali's Sons]]
[[Category:Umm Banin's Sons]]
[[fa:جعفر فرزند على فرزند ابى طالب (ع)]]

Hussain ibn Ali

2022-02-26T16:03:06Z

Faraji:

{{infobox person
| name =Hussain ibn Ali
| native_name = ٱلْحُسَیْن ابْن عَلِی ابْن أَبِی طَالِب‎
| image = Imam Hussain shrine.jpg
| known_for = Being a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, The [[Battle of Karbala]], The third Imam of Shi'a
| birth_date = 3 Sha'aban AH 4 (10 January 626)
| birth_place =Medinah, Hijaz
| father =Ali
| mother =Fatima
| relatives =Muhammad (maternal grandfather), Hasan ibn Ali (brother), Zaynab bint Ali (sister) Muhsin ibn Ali (brother), Umm Kulthum bint Ali (sister), Abbas ibn Ali (brother)
| spouse =Shahrbanu, Umme Rabab, Umme Laylā
| children = 'Alī Zayn al-'Ābidīn, Sakīnah (Mother: Shahrbanu), 'Alī al-Akbar, Fāṭimah aṣ-Ṣughrá (Mother: Laylā), Sukaynah, 'Alī al-Aṣghar(Mother: Rubāb)
| death_date = 10 Muharram AH 61- aged 55 (10 October 680)
| death_place =Karbala, Umayyad section of Mesopotamia
| resting_place = [[Karbala]] Governorate, [[Iraq]]
}}
'''Hussain ibn Ali''' was [[Muhammad]]'s grandson and son of [[Fatima]], the Prophet's daughter. His father was [[Ali ibn Abi Talib]], Muhammad's cousin and devoted follower, who became the fourth Muslim caliph and the first [[imam]] of the Shi'i branch of [[Islam]]. The Shi'i revere Hussain as their third imam and as a martyr.

After Ali's assassination in 661, Hussain's older brother, [[Hasan]], became caliph and second imam. Soon Hasan was forced to abdicate, however, in favor of [[Mu'awiya]], a powerful clan leader and political rival who established the [[Umayyad]] caliphate. While Hussain reluctantly recognized Mu'awiya's rule, he refused to pledge allegiance to him. Hussain believed that, as direct descendants of Muhammad, Ali's sons were the rightful heirs to the caliphate. When Mu'awiya died in 680, the caliphate was passed to Yazid, Mu'awiya's son and chosen successor. Hussain refused to recognize the legitimacy of Yazid's rule and again withheld his allegiance to the Umayyads. [[Yazid]], however, threatened to kill anyone not loyal to him, prompting Hussain to flee to Mecca seeking sanctuary.

Shi'i Muslims in [[Kufa]], a city in Iraq, asked Hussain to lead them in a revolt against Yazid and to claim his rightful position as caliph. Hussain's cousin, [[Muslim ibn Aqil]], verified that he had strong support in Iraq. Hussain then set out for Kufa with family members and followers. The governor of Iraq, a supporter of [[Yazid]], sent 4,000 men to intercept the caravan. At [[Karbala]], this force trapped Hussain's small band, which numbered less than 100. He refused to surrender, however, and led his men out into battle, where they were massacred. The Iraqi governor displayed the heads of Hussain and his followers in Kufa as a warning to other Umayyad enemies.

Hussain's [[martyrdom]] is considered a defining event in Shi'i Islam. Few personalities in Muslim history have had as enduring an influence on Islamic thought and piety as Hussain. His death provided his followers with a new passion. Shi'i Islam gained in strength, ensuring the continuance of Hussain's legacy. Shi'i Muslims still consider a pilgrimage to his tomb in Karbala second in importance only to the hajj. Modern Muslim political groups draw inspiration from Hussain as a symbol of resistance against tyranny.
==After the Martyrdom of Hasan b. Ali==
The death of Hasan in 50/670, apparently by poisoning, strained the relationship with [[Mu’awiya]] further. Hasan refused to name his suspect, probably Mu’awiya, to his brother since he did not wish to obligate him to retaliate. He asked to be buried with his grandfather [[Muhammad]]. If this demand were to provoke a danger of blood-shed, however, he wished to be buried next to his mother [[Fatima]]. When Marwan b. Hakam opposed Hasan’s burial near Muhammad on the grounds that ‘Othman had not been buried there, Hussain appealed to the helf al-fozul, a solidarity pact of several clans of Qoraysh, to back the right of the Prophet’s family against the Banu Umayya. His brother Muhammad b. Hanafiya and others, however, prevailed upon him to heed Hasan’s wish to avoid bloodshed and to bury him next to his mother. At the same time the Kufan Shiʿites shifted their allegiance to him. Their leaders met with the sons of Jaʿda b. Hobayra b. Abi’l-Wahb Maḵzumi, grandsons of ʿAli’s sister Omm Haneʾ, in the house of Solayman b. Sorad Khozaʿi and wrote Hussain a letter of condolence on the death of his brother in which they assured him of their loyalty. The Banu Jaʿda informed him of the high esteem of the Kufans for him, their longing that he would join them, their loathing of Mu’awiya, and their dissociation from him. Hussain wrote them that he was still bound to keep the peace concluded by Hasan as long as Mu’awiya was alive and asked them to conceal their feelings. If he were still alive at Mu’awiya’s death he would inform them of his views.

His supporters from Iraq, however, kept visiting him in Medina in large numbers, and ʿAmr, the son of the caliph ‘Othman, warned the governor Marwan. The latter informed [[Mu’awiya]], who instructed him to leave Hussain alone as long as he would not display any hostility to him but also to withhold any sign of friendship from him. Marwan wrote Hussain a menacing letter, warning him against sowing renewed discord in the community. Hussain answered him, enumerating Mu’awiya’s offences, such as his recognition of Ziad as his brother in violation of Islamic law and his execution of Hojr b. Adi, and rejected his threats. Mu’awiya complained to his entourage about Hussain, but refrained from further threats and continued to send his regular subsidy and gifts.<ref>Baladhori, II, pp. 458-60</ref> Jointly with the sons of several other prominent Companions of Muhammad, Hussain resisted Mu’awiya’s demands that they pledge allegiance to his son Yazid, whom he had appointed as his successor in breach of both his treaty with Hasan and ʿOmar’s principle of election by the consultation (Shura).
==After the Death of Mu’awiya==
After Mu’awiya’s death on 15 Rajab 60/22 April 680, [[Yazid]] immediately instructed the governor of Medina, Otba b. Abi Sofyan, to compel Hussain, Abd-Allah b. Omar, and Abd-Allah b. Zobayr to pledge their allegiance. Abd Allah b. Zobayr and Hussain left separately for Mecca to seek asylum. The account of Waqedi <ref>apud Tabari, II, pp. 222-23; tr., XIX, pp. 9-10; Ibn Saʿd, p. 56</ref> that the two left together is unreliable. Hussain was accompanied by his household, his sons, brothers, and the sons of Hasan. Muhammad b. Hanafiya did not join him and urged him not to move to Iraq before receiving the oath of allegiance there. Hussain should rather stay in Mecca or hide in the desert and mountains until the sentiments of the people became clear. Hussain traveled the main road to Mecca, refusing to avoid being pursued by taking a side road. Otba b. Abi Sofyan, in spite of Marwan’s prodding, did not wish to use violence against the grandson of the Prophet, and Yazid replaced him for his inaction. In Mecca Hussain stayed in the house of Abbas b. Abd-al-Mottaleb <ref>Ibn Saʿd, p. 56</ref> and remained there for four months.
==Oath of Allegiance to Hussain==
In Kufa the leaders of the Shiʿa, on learning of Muawiya’s death, assembled again in the house of Solayman b. Sorad. They wrote to Hussain praising God for having destroyed the obstinate tyrant Mu’awiya, who had seized the rule of the Muslim community without its consent, appropriated its fayʾ (immovable properties acquired by conquest) and made it pass into the hands of the wealthy and powerful, who had killed their best men and retained the most evil among them. They urged Hussain to join them, since they had no [[imam]]. They informed him that they did not attend the Friday prayer with Mu’awiya’s governor Noʿman b. Bashir Ansari and would drive him out of the town as soon as Hussain agreed to come to them. They sent him in short order seven messages with bags of letters of support by Kufan warriors and tribal leaders. The first two of them arrived in Mecca on 10 Ramadan 60/13 June 680. Hussain wrote the Kufans that he understood from their letters that they had no imam and they wished him to come to unite them by right guidance. He informed them that he was sending his cousin [[Muslim ibn Aqil]] b. Abi Taleb to report to him on the situation. If he found them united as their letters indicated he would speedily join them, for it was the duty of the imam to act in accordance with the Koran, to uphold justice, to proclaim the truth, and to dedicate himself to the cause of God.

Hussain was also visited by a Shiʿite supporter with two of his sons from Basra, where Shiʿite sentiment was otherwise limited. He then sent identical letters to the chiefs of the five divisions into which the Basran tribes were divided for administrative purposes. He wrote them that God had preferred the Prophet Muhammad above all His creatures and that his family were his legatees (awsiaʾ) and heirs of his position. Their people (Qoraysh) had illegitimately claimed the right which belonged exclusively to the Prophet’s family. The family had consented to their action for the sake of the unity of the community. Those who had seized the right of the Prophet’s family had set many things straight and had sought the truth. He, Hussain, prayed to God for mercy on them and on the Prophet’s family. He was now summoning them to the Book of God and the tradition (sunna) of His Prophet. The tradition had indeed been destroyed while innovation had been spread. Hussain promised to guide them on the path of righteousness if they would obey and follow him. The contents of the letter closely reflected the guideline set by [[ʿAli ibn Abi Talib|Ali]], who had strongly upheld the sole right of the family of the Prophet to leadership of the Muslim community but had also praised the conduct of the first caliphs Abu Bakr and Omar. While most of the recipients of the letter kept it secret, one of them suspected that it was a ploy of the governor [[ʿObayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad]] to test their loyalty and turned it over to him. Obayd-Allah seized and beheaded Hussain’s messenger and addressed a stern warning to the people of Basra.<ref>Tabari, II, pp. 235-36, 240-41</ref>
==Muslim b. ‘Aqil’s Martyrdom==
The mission of Muslim b. Aqil was initially successful. The Kufan Shiʿites visited him freely, and 18,000 men are said to have enlisted with him in support of Hussain. He wrote to Hussain, encouraging him to come swiftly to Kufa. The situation changed radically when Yazid replaced Noʿman b. Bashir by Obayd-Allah b. Ziad, ordering the latter to deal severely with Muslim b. Aqil. Obayd-Allah succeeded in intimidating the tribal chiefs. A revolt collapsed when the rebels failed to capture the governor’s palace. Muslim b. Aqil was found and delivered to Obayd-Allah, who had him beheaded on the top of the palace and his body thrown down to the crowd. [[Haniʾ b. ʿUrwa al-Muradi|Haniʾ b. Urwa]], chief of the tribe of Morad, was also crucified for having sheltered him. Yazid wrote to Obayd-Allah, commending him highly for his decisive action and ordering him to set up watches for Hussain and his supporters and to arrest them but to kill only those who would fight him.
==Hussain’s Departure to Kufa==
Before news of the adverse turn of events arrived in Mecca, Hussain set out for Kufa on 8 or 10 Dhu’l-Hejja 60/10 or 12 September 680, breaking off his hajj for the omra (the lesser pilgrimage). He was accompanied by some fifty members of his family, close kin, and a few supporters. He had been advised by Abd-Allah b. Omar and other prominent men of Qoraysh against his move. According to most accounts, Abd-Allah b. Zobayr, seeing him as a rival in his own bid for popular support, urged him to join his partisans in Kufa <ref>see esp. Ibn Saʿd, p. 56</ref>, but this is contradicted by other reports, according to which he offered to support him if he would rise in Mecca.<ref>Baladhori, II, p. 467</ref> His uncle Abd-Allah b. Abbas in particular warned him not to trust the Kufans, who had betrayed his father and his brother and pleaded with him not to take his women and children along if he insisted on accepting their invitation. Hussain regularly thanked his advisers for their concern but replied that he must leave the outcome to the decision of God. After Hussain’s departure, his cousin Abd-Allah b. Jaʿfar sent him a letter with his sons ʿAwn and Muhammad, in which he implored him once more not to proceed. He further induced the governor of Mecca, Amr b. Saʿid Ashdaq, to write a guarantee of safety and protection for him if he would return to Mecca. The governor sent his brother Yahya b. Saʿid with a group of men and Abd-Allah b. Jaʿfar to persuade Hussain, but he told them that he had seen a vision of the Prophet, who had ordered him to proceed, whatever the outcome. As he continued on his way, there was a minor scuffle between his supporters and the messengers of the governor, who then returned to Mecca. The two sons of Abd-Allah b. Jaʿfar accompanied Hussain and were killed with him.

[[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|Obayd-Allah b. Ziad]] sent his police chief Hussain b. Tamim to [[Qadisiyya]] with the order to block the roads from Hejaz to Iraq. Hussain learned of this from some bedouins he met, who stated that they were cut off from Kufa, but he continued on his way. In [[Al-Thaʿlabiyya|Thaʿlabiyya]] he first received news of the abortive Kufan rising and the execution of [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] and [[Haniʾ b. ʿUrwa al-Muradi|Haneʾ b. Orwa]]. The reliability of reports that he considered turning back at this stage and changed his mind only because of the resolve of Muslim’s brothers to seek revenge or death is to be doubted. In [[Zubala]] he was informed that a messenger he had sent to Kufa to announce his imminent arrival had been intercepted and killed by Obayd-Allah b. Ziad by having him thrown from the roof of his palace. In a written statement he broke the news to his supporters, acknowledging that the Kufan Shiʿites had deserted him, and encouraged anyone who so wished, to leave freely without guilt. Most of those who had joined him at various stages on the way from Mecca now left him.
==The Battle of Karbala==
Soon after leaving [[Sharaf]] his supporters sighted a troop of 1,000 Kufan mounted men under the command of [[Hurr b. Yazid Riahi Tamimi]]. He turned off the road towards the left and alighted at [[Dhu Husam]] near [[Karbala]], where he was joined by the Kufan troop. Hussain ordered the call to prayer to be made and addressed the Kufans, reminding them that they had invited him to come because they were without an [[imam]]. He told them that he intended to proceed to Kufa with their support, but if they were now opposed to his coming, he would return to where he had come from. The Kufans did not respond, but performed the midday prayer under his leadership. After the afternoon prayer he addressed them again. He stressed the prior right of the Prophet’s family to govern them and mentioned the letters he had received from them. When Hurr claimed that they knew nothing of these letters, he had the saddle-bags with them brought forward and scattered the letters before them. Hurr averred that they were not of those who had written them and that they were under order to bring him to Obayd-Allah b. Ziad. When Hussain set out to move, Hurr blocked his way. After a heated exchange, Hurr explained that he had not been ordered to fight Hussain but to bring him to Kufa. If Hussain would not follow him, Hurr would not allow him to take the route to either Kufa or Medina. He would write to Obayd-Allah for further instructions, and, also suggested that Hussain should write to Yazid or Obayd-Allah. Hussain did not accept the advice and turned left in the direction of Odayb and [[Qadisiyya]]. Hurr kept following him and warned him against a fight in which he would inevitably perish, but he was unable to prevent four Kufan Shiʿites from joining him. When they reached the district of Ninawa, a village near Karbala, a messenger arrived from Kufa with instructions for Hurr to force Hussain to camp in the open desert in a place without fortification and water. Obayd Allah’s aim evidently was to force Hussain to start fighting. As Hurr prevented him from alighting either in Ninawa or Ghazeriya (a village to the northeast of [[Karbala]]), on 2 [[Muharram]] 61/2 October 680, he set his camp in the desert land of Karbala at a location that was without [[water]].

The following day a Kufan army of 4,000 men arrived under the command of [[ʿOmar b. Saʿd|Omar b. Saʿd]] b. Abi Waqqas. Omar b. Saʿd had been appointed by Obayd Allah governor of Rayy and been sent off to fight the Deylamites, but was recalled to lead the army against Hussain. As the son of one of the most eminent early Companions of Muhammad, he was loath to use force against the Prophet’s grandson and asked to be excused from the mission. Obayd Allah demanded that he return the letter of appointment for the governorship of Rayy if he refused to lead the campaign against Hussain. After some delay, Omar accepted the command, evidently still hoping that he could avoid a battle. He first sent a messenger to Hussain to inquire about the purpose of his coming to Iraq. Hussain answered again that he had responded to the invitation of the people of Kufa but was ready to leave if they now disliked his presence. When Omar b. Saʿd reported back to Obayd-Allah, the governor instructed him to offer Hussain and his supporters the opportunity to swear allegiance to Yazid. If they were to do so, he would judge the matter further. Shortly afterwards, he ordered Omar b. Saʿd to cut off Hussain and his followers from access to the water of the Euphrates. Omar stationed 500 men along the river, but was unable to prevent Hussain’s brother Abbas with fifty men from filling their water-skins in a night sortie.

While the formal standoff continued, Hussain sent a messenger to Omar b. Saʿd, suggesting that they meet privately at night between the camps. They met and are said to have talked for much of the night. No one was present to hear their conversation, but there were rumors that Hussain proposed that they both leave their armies and together go to see Yazid. Omar b. Saʿd, however, refused to do so, afraid of being punished by Obayd-Allah. The majority of the transmitters, rather, maintained that Hussain offered Omar three choices: Either he would return to where he had come from, or he would go to Syria to submit to Yazid personally, or he could be sent to one of the border stations to fight the infidels. Omar is reported to have transmitted these proposals to Obayd-Allah. This offer ascribed to Hussain was, however, emphatically denied by Oqba b. Semʿan, a client of Hussain’s wife Rabab, who survived the battle of Karbala. He testified that Hussain never offered anything but to depart and travel the land until the affairs of the people would clarify.<ref>Tabari, II, p. 314; tr., pp. 108-9</ref> An offer by Hussain to submit to Yazid at this stage must appear unlikely in view of his religious convictions, and the reports are in line with the tendency of the early tradition to accent the primary guilt of Obayd-Allah in Hussain’s death.

Whatever proposals Omar b. Saʿd submitted to Obayd-Allah, they were evidently designed to avoid fighting or the surrender of Hussain to the governor in Kufa. Obayd-Allah is reported to have at first been ready to accept them. Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan advised him, however, not to allow Hussain to escape from his territory without having submitted to his authority, since this would be a sign of weakness on his part and an acknowledgment of the power of Hussain’s position; but if Hussain and his followers submitted, the governor could either punish or forgive them. Obayd-Allah now changed his mind and wrote to Omar b. Saʿd that he had not sent him to hold him off from fighting Hussain and to intercede on his behalf. If Hussain and his supporters submitted to his authority, Omar could send them to Kufa in peace. Otherwise, he should fight, kill, and disfigure them, as they deserved that. If Hussain was killed, he should make the horses trample on his chest and back since he was a disobedient rebel, an evil wrongdoer who split the community, since he, Obayd-Allah, had made a vow to do that to Hussain in case he was killed. If Omar refused to comply with these instructions, he should surrender the command to [[Shimr b. Dhi l-Jawshan|Shimr b. Dhi’l-Jawshan]], with whom Obayd-Allah sent the letter. On reading it, Omar b. Saʿd cursed Shimr but agreed to carry out the orders himself.

Omar b. Saʿd now prepared for immediate battle in the evening of 9 Muharram/9 October. Hussain was sitting in front of his tent when his brother ʿAbbas informed him that the enemy was advancing towards them. He asked Abbas to inquire about the cause of the change of their attitude. They told him that an order of the governor had arrived to attack unless Hussain and his followers submitted to his authority. Hussain asked for a delay until next morning so they would have time to decide on the option. The account stresses that he did so only in order to arrange his affairs and give counsel to his family. Omar b. Saʿd was consulted and, on the advice of some of the army leaders, agreed to the postponement. Hussain once more encouraged all his supporters to leave and scatter in the desert under cover of the night, releasing them from their oath of allegiance. They might also take the members of his family along. He suggested that the enemy was looking only for him and would not search for them once they found him. Nearly all his followers, however, decided to stay and fight and to protect him. They spent the night in prayer and preparation for the battle. On the next morning, as Omar b. Saʿd arranged the Kufan army in battle order, Hurr b. Yazid challenged him and went over to Hussain. He vainly addressed the Kufans, rebuking them for their treachery to the grandson of the Prophet, and was killed in the battle.

The battle of Karbala lasted from morning till sunset on 10 Muharram 61/10 October 680. Omar b. Saʿd, evidently hoping to isolate Hussain and force him to surrender, did not order a general attack that would inevitably have resulted in a quick massacre. The reports rather describe numerous incidents of single combat, skirmishes, assaults, and retreat. Hussain ordered heaps of wood and reeds to be burnt in a ditch behind the tents to prevent an attack from the rear. From the front he was protected by his men, and he was not involved in actual fighting until close to the end. As the Kufans also suffered losses because of the self-sacrificing bravery of Hussain’s followers, the fighting gradually became more brutal. In one attack the enemy set the tents on fire, but the flames at first hindered their own advance. Shimr b. Dhi’l-Jawshan is mostly described as the moving spirit, viciously driving on the assault. Hussain was first wounded by an arrow hitting his mouth or throat as he was trying to reach the Euphrates to drink. After receiving further wounds, he eventually was stabbed with a spear by Senan b. Anas Nakhaʿi. As he fell, Senan and Khawali b. Yazid Asbahi joined to cut his head off. In accordance with Obayd Allah b. Ziad’s instructions, ʿOmar ordered his body to be trampled by horses. Later he was buried by the Banu Asad of the nearby village of Ghazeriya in the spot where the sanctuary of Hussain arose. His head was carried to ʿUbayd Allah b. Ziad in Kufa and then to Yazid in Damascus. Later there were claims in regard to several locations to be its burial place.

The dead on the side of Hussain are said to have numbered seventy or seventy-two. At least twenty descendants of Abu Taleb were among them. The first one of these to be killed was Hussain’s own son [[ʿAli Akbar|Ali Akbar]]. As a nephew of the caliph Yazid he was offered a safe-conduct, but he refused it, proudly proclaiming that he valued his descent from the Prophet more highly.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, p. 73; Zobayri, p. 58</ref> Hussain’s son Abd-Allah was still a child and is described as having been killed by an arrow while placed on his father’s knees. He can, however, hardly have been a baby as claimed in some accounts. Six of Hussain’s paternal brothers, sons of Ali, fell. Four of them were sons of Omm Banin bt. Hezam of the Banu Kelab. Her brother’s son, Abd-Allah b. Abi Mohell b. Hezam, obtained a letter of safety for them from Obayd Allah b. Ziad, but they rejected it. Three sons of Hasan and three sons of Abd-Allah b. Jaʿfar were killed, as well as three sons and three grandsons of Aqil b. Abi Taleb. Ibn Saʿd <ref>p. 77</ref> lists among the dead two other Hashemites, a descendent of Abu Lahab, and a descendent of Abu Sofyan b. Hareth b. Abd-al-Mottaleb. Among the survivors of the Prophet’s family, being led off as captives, he mentions two sons of Hasan, a son of Abd-Allah b. Jaʿfar, a son of Aqil, and five women. According to Abu’l-Faraj Esfahani <ref>Maqatel, p. 119</ref>, three sons of Hasan survived, among them Hasan b. Hasan, who was severely wounded. Hussain’s other son named Ali survived because he was sick and unable to fight on the battle day. He was brought as a captive before Obayd Allah b. Ziad and then before Yazid in Damascus. The latter treated him well and sent him with the women to Medina. He thus became recognized as the fourth Imam of the Shiʿites.

The impact of the tragedy of Karbala on the religious conscience of Muslims has ever been deep and goes beyond its consecration of the passion and penitence motives in [[Shiʿism]]. The motivation of the major actors in it have often been debated. It is evident that Hussain cannot be viewed as simply a reckless rebel risking his and his family’s lives for his personal ambition. He refused to break his oath of allegiance to Mu’awiya despite his severe reproval of his conduct. He did not pledge allegiance to Yazid, who had been appointed successor by Mu’awiya in violation of his treaty with [[Hasan]], and most likely never agreed to do so. Yet he also did not actively seek [[martyrdom]]. He offered to leave Iraq as soon as it became clear that he no longer had any support in Kufa. It was Obayd Allah who vainly sought to provoke him to start the fighting. His initial determination to follow the invitation of the Kufan Shiʿites in spite of the numerous warnings he received and his visions of the Prophet reflect a religious conviction of a mission that left him no choice, whatever the outcome. Like his father he was firmly convinced that the family of the Prophet was divinely chosen to lead the community founded by Muhammad, as the latter had been chosen, and had both an inalienable right and an obligation to seek this leadership.

The accounts of the early sources tend to put the responsibility for the death of Hussain mostly on Obayd-Allah b. Ziad and to exonerate the caliph Yazid, who is described as cursing his governor and stating that if he had been present he would have spared Hussain. Obayd-Allah certainly was eager to humiliate and kill Hussain, as is evident from his vow to have his body trampled by horses. His hatred ultimately sprang from the denunciation of Mu’awiya’s recognition of Ziad as his brother by the grandsons of the Prophet in the name of Islam. The prime responsibility for the death of Hussain, however, lay with Yazid, who knew that the grandson of the Prophet would constitute a menace to his reign as long as he was alive, even if temporarily forced to submission. Yazid wanted him dead but, as a caliph of Islam, could not afford to be seen as having ordered his death. He was aware of Obayd-Allah’s hatred of Hussain when he appointed him governor of Kufa and hinted in a letter to him that Hussain would reduce him to slave status again (Baladhori, II, p. 464). He commended Obayd-Allah highly for the execution of Muslim b. Aqil, and the governor could not be in any doubt as to what was expected of him. When the caliph sought in public, however, to place the onus for the slaughter of the Prophet’s grandson on him, Obayd-Allah reacted with resentment and declined Yazid’s wish that he next lead the assault on Abd-Allah b. Zobayr in the Kaʿba.<ref>Tabari, II, p. 408, tr. p. 204</ref>
==The family of Hussain==
Hussain’s first marriage was with Rabab, daughter of Emraʾ-al-Qays b. Adi, a chief of the Banu Kalb. Her father came to Medina early during the caliphate of Omar and was appointed by him amir (governor) over all tribesmen of Qozaʿa who would convert to Islam. Hussain later married Rabab, and in the later years of Ali’s caliphate, Emraʾ-al-Qays and his kin were referred to as his in-laws.<ref>ashar; Thaqafi, p. 426</ref> . Probably after Ali’s death, she bore him a daughter Amena (Amina, Omayma), commonly known as [[Sokayna]]. Later Rabab bore him his son Abd-Allah, who was still a child when he was killed at Karbala. He presumably had saved his own patronymic (konya), Abu Abd-Allah, for a son by her. In some late Shiʿite sources Abd-Allah is called [[ʿAli Asqar|Ali Asqar]] (q.v.), but this is without historical foundation. After Hussain’s death, Rabab is said to have spent a year in grief at his grave and to have refused to remarry. No details are known about Hussain’s marriage to Solafa, a woman of the tribe Bali of Qozaʿa. She bore him a son named Jaʿfar, who died during Hussain’s lifetime.

Imam Hussain had two other sons called Ali whose mothers were not the same. The older one whose mother was Layla, daughter of Morra b. Orwa Ṯaqafi and Maymuna bt. Abi Sofyan, sister of the caliph Muawiya was called Ali al-Akbar who was martyred in the battle of Karbala and the other was called Ali b. al-Hussain, Zayn al-Abedin who survived him and became the fourth Imam of the Shiʿites.

After the death of Hasan, Hussain married Omm Eshaq, daughter of the prominent Companion Talha. She bore Hussain’s daughter Fatima. Contrary to some reports, Fatima must have been younger than Sokayna. At the time of her father’s death, she was probably engaged, but not yet married, to Hasan b. Hasan, the primary heir of Hasan b. Ali.
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==

*Abu’l-Faraj Eṣfahāni, Maqātel al-Ṭālebiyin, ed. Aḥmad Ṣaqr, Cairo, 1949, pp. 78-122.
*Idem, al-Aḡāni, ed. Naṣr Hurini, 20 vols., Bulāq, 1869, XLV, pp. 163-65.
*Abu Ḥanifa Dinavari, Aḵbār al-ṭewāl, ed. Abd-al-Moʾmen Āmer and Jamāl-al-Din Šayyāl, Cairo, 1960, pp. 220-21, 224 ff.
*Moḥsen Amin, Aʿyān al-Šiʿa IV, 2nd ed., Beirut, 1960, pp. 49 ff.
*Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā Balāḏori, Ansāb al-ašrāf II, ed. Maḥmud Fardus ʿAẓm, Damascus, 1996, pp. 449-519; V, ed. Solomon D. Fritz Goitein, Jerusalem, 1936, index, s.v.
*Ibn ʿAsāker, Tarjamat rayḥānat Rasul Allah . . . men Taʾriḵ Demašq, ed. Muhammad-Bāqer Maḥmudi, Beirut, 1978.
*Ibn Saʿd, Tarjamat al-Emām al-Hussain, ed. Abd-al-Aziz Ṭabāṭabāʾi, Qom, 1995.
*Ibn Šahrāšub, Manāqeb Āl Abi Ṭāleb, ed. Muhammad-Kāẓem Kotobi, 3 vols., Najaf, 1956, III, pp. 206-72.
*Henri Lammens, Le califat de Yazîd Ier: extrait des Mélanges de la Faculté orientale de l’Université St. Joseph de Beyrouth, pp. 131-82.
*Muhammad b. Muhammad Mofid, Eršād, ed. Kāẓem Miāmavi, Tehran, 1958, pp. 139-237.
*Tabari, index. Ebrāhim b. Muhammad Ṯaqafi, Ḡārāt, ed. Jal-āl-al-Din Moḥaddeṯ, Tehran, 1975, p. 426.
*Fahmi ʿOways, Šahid Karbalāʾ al-Imām al-Hussain b. ʿAli . . . , Cairo, 1948.
*L. Veccia Vaglieri, “Ḥussain b. Alī b. Abī Ṭālib,” in EI2 III, pp. 607-15.
*Julius Wellhausen, Die religiös-politischen Oppositionsparteien im alten Islam, Berlin, 1901, esp. pp. 61-71; tr. R. C. Ostle and S. M. Walzer as The Religious-Political Factions in Early Islam, Amsterdam, 1975, pp. 105-20.
*Aḥmad b. Yaʿqub Yaʿqubi, Taʾrikò, ed. M. Th. Houtsma as Historiae, 2 vols., Leiden, 1883; repr., Leiden, 1969, II, pp. 266-67, 286 ff.
*Moṣʿab b. Abd-Allah Zobayri, Ketāb nasab Qorayš, ed. E´variste Lévi-Provençal, Cairo, 1953, pp. 57-59.

==Sources==

*[http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t243/e141 OXFORD ISLAMIC STUDIES ONLINE]
*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hosayn-b-ali ENCYCLOPÆDIA IRANICA]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Twelver Shi’ism]]
[[Category:The Fourteen Infallibles]]
[[Category:Ahl-e Kisa]]
[[Category:Battle of Karbala]]
[[Category:Imams]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Ahl al-Bayt]]
[[fa:حسین بن على (ع)]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]

Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi

2022-02-26T16:03:02Z

Faraji:

{{infobox person
| name = Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi
| native_name =حر بن یزید ریاحی
| image = Al-Hurr_ibn_Yazid(2).jpg
| known_for = [[Battle of Karbala]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| father =
| mother =
| relatives =
| spouse =
| children =
| death_date = 61/680
| death_place =(Martyred in the Event of [[Ashura]])
| resting_place =[[Karbala]], [[Iraq]]
|Activities=Preventing [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Al-Hussain]] from going to [[Kufa]] and from returning to Medina, Repenting in the day of [[Ashura]] and joining Imam al-Hussain}}
'''Horr B. Yazid al-Riahi al-Yarbuʾi al-Tamimi''' (d. 61/ 680), a leading tribesman in [[Kufa]], who obeyed the orders of [[Obayd-Allah Ibn Ziad|ʿUbayd-Allah b. Ziad]] and intercepted [[Hussain ibn Ali|Hussain b. ʿAli]] and his party and led them to [[Karbala]]. Later he repented and fought on Hussain’s side which led to Horr’s [[martyrdom]] on the 10th of [[Muharram]], [[Ashura]]. He is regarded as the symbol of hope in repentance which ensures his salvation.
==Encounter with Imam Hussain==
[[File:Hurr 1.jpg|thumbnail|Horr's reputation by Kazem Chalipa, an Iranian contemporary artist.]]
The first meeting between Horr and Imam Hussain was not hostile. However, Horr pressed upon Hussain to change his course and follow him, even after the latter had informed him of the letters of support, he had received from the Kufans, towards whom his party was heading. Horr further obeyed Ibn-e Ziad’s subsequent order to force the rebels to stop in a deserted area. Thus, Hussain was led to the plain of Karbala, where he was encircled by the troops dispatched by Ibn-e Ziad under the command of [[ʿOmar b. Saʿd]]. Once the latter had rejected Hussain’s final proposals and decided to fight him on the morning of [[Ashura]], 10 [[Muharram]] 61/10 October 680, Horr then repented and joined Hussain, who promised him God’s forgiveness.

==Repentance on the Day of Ashura==
When Horr saw that the people have resolved to kill Imam Hussain, and when he heard Imam calling out:

“Is there none who would hasten to assist us in the name of Allah? Is there none who would defend the Household of the Prophet”?

Then Horr told Omar bin Sa’d, “O Omar! Then will you really fight this man”? He replied, “Yes, by Allah! The battle, which if goes smoothly, will result in the rolling of heads and cutting off the hands.” Horr said, “Then is his proposal unacceptable to you”? Omar replied, “If the situation would have been in my hands, I would certainly have yielded to his request, but your commander will not accept it.”

Horr then left him and stood alone far away from others, while his fellow traveler, named Qurrah bin Qays, was along with him. Horr said, “O Qurrah! Have you fed your horse today”? He replied in the negative. Horr said, “Then do you not desire quenching it’s thirst”? Qurrah says that I doubted that perhaps he wanted to skip away from the battle and did not like that I should see him going away, hence I said, “I shall now be doing so.” Hearing this Horr moved away from there. Qurrah says that, “By Allah! If only Horr had revealed to me what he intended, I too would have accompanied him to the presence of Imam Hussain.” Then slowly Horr started moving closer to Imam Hussain.

Muhajir bin Aws told him, “O son of Yazid! What do you intend? Do you intend to lay siege”? Horr did not answer him but was shivering. Muhajir said, “Verily your state seems dubious. I have never ever seen you in any battle in a similar state in which you are now. If I would have been questioned as to who is the most valorous among the Kufans, I would not hesitate to take your name. What is this state I presently see you in”? Horr replied, “I find myself between Paradise and hell. And by Allah! I shall not exalt anything else over Paradise, even if I be cut into pieces or burnt.” According to [[Malhoof]], Horr struck his horse and turned to go towards Imam Hussain,

Horr had kept his hands on his head (like a prisoner) and was saying, “O Allah! I am returning towards You, thus You accept me, for I have put fear into the hearts of Your friends and the children of the Prophet’s grandson.”

Tabari narrates that when he neared Imam Hussain and his companions, he overturned his shield and saluted them. Then he went to Imam Hussain and said, “May I be your ransom O son of the Prophet of Allah! I am the one who had stopped you from returning back and had accompanied you all along and had forced you to alight here. But I had not known that these people would directly refuse your proposal and bring you to this present state. By Allah! If I had known that they would do to you such, I would not have undertaken that what I have done. Hence now I apologize to Allah regarding that what I have done, then do you think that my repentance would be accepted”?

Imam Hussain replied,

“May Allah accept your repentance! Thus alight from your horse.”

Horr replied, “It is better for me to be mounted and serve you and fight with them, thus ultimately I will have to alight from my horse (when I am wounded).” Then Imam replied,

“May your Lord have mercy upon you, do as you desire.”

Then he stood in front of Imam Hussain and said, “O Kufans! May your mothers be deprived of you! You invited the righteous slave of Allah, then when he came to you, you handed him over to the enemy, when you had intended to defend him with your lives? Then now you have begun to fight him so as to kill him. You have taken hold of him and seized his collar, and have surrounded him from all sides so that he may not be able to escape to the vast towns of Allah.

He is now left as a prisoner amongst you, then he cannot benefit himself nor can he ward off the evil from it. Then you have stopped him, along with his women-folk, his children and family, from the waters of Euphrates, which is open for the Jews, Christians and Sabians, and the pigs and dogs of Iraq roll therein, while they would perish because of thirst? How badly have you behaved with the Progeny of Muhammad after his death. May Allah not quench your thirst on the day of extreme thirst (Qiyamah)!” Hearing this some of the soldiers attacked him and started shooting arrows at him, then Horr came and stood in front of Imam Hussain,

It is quoted in Tazkirah of Sibt ibn Jawzi, that Imam Hussain then called out to Shabas bin Rab’ee, Hajjar bin Abjar, Qays bin Ash’as and Yazid bin Hars and said,

“Did you not write letters to me”?

They replied, “We do not know what you say.” Horr bin Yazid, who was their leader, said, “Yes by Allah! We had written to you and we are the ones who have brought you here. Thus may Allah keep away vain and the vain-doers. By Allah! I shall not prefer this world over the Hereafter”, saying this he turned his horse and entered the ranks of Imam Hussain. Imam said,

“Welcome! You are at liberty in this world as well as the Hereafter.”

[[Ibn Nima]] narrates that Horr told Imam Hussain that, “When Ubayd-Allah commanded me to come towards you and I came out from the palace, I heard a voice calling out at me from behind saying: Have glad tidings of goodness O Horr! I turned around to see but there was none visible. Then I wondered that by Allah, what glad tidings is this, for I am proceeding to a combat with Imam Hussain, and I had not yet intended assisting you.” Imam replied,

“But now you have (ultimately) reached goodness.”

==Martyrdom==
[[File:Hurr 2.jpg|thumbnail|2. Horr's body was buried by his tribe -Banu Asad- in a location far from Karbala, which was called Nawawis at the time and is called "Horr's village" nowadays. ]]
According to most historians, many men from Hussain’s side were killed before Horr.<ref>e.g., Ṭabari, II, p. 350; tr. I. K. A. Howard, XIX, p. 144.</ref> However, Horr’s own words when he rallied behind Hussain imply that he might have been the first to be killed at Karbala. [[Shiʿa|Shiʿite]] tradition has retained this sequence of events, apparently derived from the work of [[Shaykh al-Mofid]], who does not mention anyone having been killed before Horr, except Muslim b. ʿAwsaja.<ref>tr. Howard, 1981, pp. 356 f.</ref> In Turco-Persian [[maqtal-nama]] narratives of the drama of Karbala, which were used extensively by Kashefi for his [[Rawzat al-Shuhada]] (see Calmard, 1996, p. 155), after having killed many enemies, Horr became the first martyr of the battle. His [[martyrdom]] was followed by those of his brother, Moṣʿab b. Yazid, his son ʿAli, and the latter’s slave.<ref>Kashefi, pp. 277 ff.; see Calmard, 1975, pp. 351 ff.</ref>

==Legacy==
Horr’s courageous rallying behind Hussain and sacrificing himself to his cause are widely celebrated in [[Muharram]] rituals and related popular literature, such as [[marthias|marthia]] (elegies), [[nawḥas|nawha]] (dirges), and [[Ta'ziya]] (religious dramas). Many scenes dedicated to Horr are included in taʿzia collections, particularly in the Cerulli version.<ref>Rossi and Bombaci, 1961, Index.</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==

*M. Ayoub, Redemptive Suffering in Islam, The Hague, 1978, Index.

*J. Calmard, “Le Culte de l’Imam Hussain. Etude sur la commémoration du drame de Karbala dans l’Iran pré-safavide,” Ph.D. diss., University of Paris (Sorbonne), 1975.

*Idem, “Shií Rituals and Power, II. The Consolidation of Safavid Shi’ism: Folklore and Popular Religion,” in C. Melville, ed., SafavidPersia, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 139-90.

*[[Peter J. Chelkowski|P. J. Chelkowski]], ed., Taʿziyeh: Ritual and Drama in Iran, New York, 1979, index. Ṣ. Homāyuni, Taʿzia dar Irān, Shiraz, 1368 Š./1989, Index.

*Hussain Wāʿeẓ Kāšefi, Rawżat al-šohadāʾ, ed. M. Ramażāni, Tehran, 1341 Š./1962.

*M. J. Kister, “al-Ḥurr b. Yazīd,” in EI2. Šayḵ al-Mofid, al-Eršād, tr. I. K. A. Howard, Kitāb al-Iršād: The Book of Guidance in the Livesof the Twelve Imams, London, 1981, Index.

*Mostawfi, Šarḥ-e zendagāni. E. Rossi and A. Bombaci, Elenco di drammi religiosipersiani (fondo mss. Vaticani Cerulli), Vatican City, 1961, Index.

*P. Ṣayyād, Matn-e taʿzia-e Ḥorr, mansub be-Moṣṭafā Kāšāni (Mir ʿAzā), Tehran, 1350 Š./1971.

*Ṭabari, II, index; Ṭabari tr., XIX, index. L. Veccia Vaglieri, “al-Ḥusayn b. ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib,” in EI².

==Source==

*[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/horr-e-riahi Encyclopaedia Iranica]
*[http://alhassanain.org/Nafasul%20Mahmum%3B%20Relating%20to%20the%20heart%20rending%20tragedy%20of%20Karbala/Nafasul_Mahmum%3B_Relating_to_the_heart_rending_tragedy_of_Karbala_html/nafasul_mahmum.htm Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi , Nafasul Mahmum; Relating to the heart rending tragedy of Karbala']
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Karbala Martyrs]]
[[Category: Battle of Karbala]]
[[Category: Hussain’s Followers]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:حر بن یزید ریاحی]]

Harith b. Nabhan

2022-02-26T16:03:01Z

Faraji:

'''Harith b. Nabhan''' was martyred in the battle of [[Karbala]].{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name =
| Companion of =
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom=
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = He was martyred in the [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place =
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities = Participating in the Battle of [[Karbala]]
|Native name=الحارِث بن نَبهان}}

==Biography==
His father, Nabhan, was the slave of Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib. Nahban was a brave horseman who passed away two years after the [[martyrdom]] of Hamza.<ref>Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, ''Dhakhīrat al-dārayn'', p. 472.</ref> Harith was a companion of [[Ali ibn Abi Talib|Imam Ali]] and [[Hasan B. ʿAli B. Abi Taleb|Imam al-Hasan]]. He accompanied Imam al-Hussain to Karbala and was martyred in the first attack of the army of [[Omar Ibn Sa’d|Umar b. Sa'd]].<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Ḥusayn (a)'', p. 98.</ref>

Harith b. Nabhan is a different person than Harith b. Nabhan al-Basri, who was a [[hadith]] transmitter.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-Islām'', vol. 10, p. 108.</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==

*Dhahabī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr wa l-aʿlām''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1409 AH.
*Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, ʿAbd al-Majīd al-. ''Dhakhīrat al-dārayn''. Qom: Zamzam-i Hidāyat, [n.d].
*Group of authors. ''Maʿa l-rakb al-Ḥusayn''. Second edition. Qom: Taḥsīn, 1386 Sh.
*Samāwī, Muḥammad al-. ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn fī anṣār al-Ḥusayn (a)''. Qom: Maḥallātī, 1419 AH.

==Source==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Harith_b._Nabhan WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt (a)]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala ]]
[[fa:حارث ‌بن‌ نبهان‌]]

Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami

2022-02-26T16:03:00Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name =
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom = 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Martyred in the [[battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place = [[Karbala]]
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=(حَنْظَلَة بن أسعَد الشِبامی (الشامی}}
'''Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami''' (Arabic: حَنْظَلَة بن أسعَد الشِبامی) or al-Shami (الشامی) was among companions of [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]] who was martyred during the Battle of [[Karbala]] in the Day of [[Ashura]] 61/680.

==Disagreement over his Name==
His name was mentioned in sources with some variations. In the list of Imam Hussain's companions, Al-Shaykh al-Tusi mentions him as Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami. In other texts, however, the name of his father is mentioned as Sa'd. Ibn Shahrashub mentions a person called "Sa'd b. Hanzala" as a Martyrs of Karbala. However, al-Tustari believes that his name is Hanzala b. As'ad al-Shibami as explicitly mentioned in '''Uyun Akhbar [[Ali al-Rida|al-Rida]]''.

==In the Battle of Karbala==
It is said that on the Day of Ashura, Hanzala asked Imam Hussain's permission to recite the Quran 40:30-33 to the army of [[Kufa]]:
"O my people! Indeed I fear for you [a day] like the day of the [heathen] factions; like the case of the people of Noah, of ʿAd and Thamud, and those who were after them, and Allah does not desire any wrong for [His] servants. O my people! I fear for you a day of mutual distress calls, a day when you will turn back [to flee], not having anyone to protect you from Allah, and whomever Allah leads astray has no guide."

He then said: "O people! do not kill Hussain; you will be destroyed with a divine punishment, and whoever tells lies will be disappointed."

Imam Hussain said in response:

"O Ibn Sa'd! May God bless you. They deserved the punishment when they rejected your call and attacked you to shed your blood and the blood of your friends, let alone now that they have martyred your pious friends."

Then Hanzala said:

"May I be thy ransom! You are right. You are more knowledgeable than me with respect to religion and you understand it better. Let us go to the afterlife and join our brothers… God's blessings be upon you, O Aba 'Abd Allah, and your pure household. May God make me your companion in the Heaven."

While Imam Hussain was saying "Amin", Hanzala went to the battlefield, and was martyred after killing some people from the army of Kufa.

==References==

*[http://en.wikishia.net/view/Hanzala_b._As%27ad_al-Shibami WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]
{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}
[[Category: Individuals]]
[[Category: Historical Characters]]
[[Category: Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category: Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:حنظله‌ بن‌ اسعد شبامی‌]]

Habbab b. Amir

2022-02-26T16:02:58Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Habbab b. Amir (Harith) b. Kaʿb b. Taym al-Lat b.Thaʿlaba al-Taymi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage =
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place =
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=حبیب بن امیر}}'''Habbab b. Amir''' was a devoted Shi'a who pledged allegiance to [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]]. After the [[martyrdom]] of Muslim, he fled secretly [[Kufa]] to join [[Imam Hussain]]'s camp in Karbala. He was eventually martyred at the [[Battle of Karbala]].

==Martyrdom==
When Habbab b. Amir learned about the martyrdom of [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]], he hid and waited for an opportunity to join Imam. After he was informed about moving [[Imam Hussain]] toward Kufa, left Kufa secretly and joined the caravan of Imam. He was martyred on the day of [[Ashura]].

Some sources reported his martyrdom in the first attack of the army of [[Umar b. Sa'd]].<ref>Ḥusaynī Shīrāzī, ''Dhakhīrat al-dārayn'', p. 473; Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', p. 195.</ref>

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Habbab_b._Amir WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==

[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:حباب ‌بن‌ عامر]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Darghama b. Malik al-Taghlibi

2022-02-26T16:02:57Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox companion of Imam (a)
| name = 
| image =Martyrs of Karbala.jpg
| image size =
| caption =
| Full name = Ḍarghama b. Malik al-Taghlibi
| Companion of = [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam al-Hussain]]
| Kunya =
| Epithet =
| Well Known As =al-Taghlibi
| Religious Affiliation =
| Lineage = Banu Taghlib Tribe
| Well known relatives =
| Birth =
| Place of Birth =
| Place of Residence =
| Death/martyrdom= 61/680
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = [[Battle of Karbala]]
| Burial place =
| Professors =
| Students =
| Works =
| Activities =
|Native name=ضَرْغامة بن مالِک التَغْلِب}}'''Darghama b. Malik al-Taghlibi''' is one of the martyrs of [[Karbala]] who went to Karbala after the [[martyrdom]] of [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]] and joined the army of [[Imam Hussain]].

==Lineage==
He is known as "al-Taghlibi" because of his attribution to Banu Taghlib<ref>Mamaqānī, ''Tanqīḥ al-maqāl'', vol. 2, p. 106.</ref>. Banu Taghlib was a tribe originating from Taghlib b. Wa'il b. Qasit. <ref>Samʿānī, ''al-Ansāb'', vol. 1, p. 469.</ref>

==Martyrdom==
Darghama b. Malik was one of the Kufan Shi'as who pledged allegiance to [[Muslim b. Aqil b. Abi Talib|Muslim b. Aqil]]. After Muslim's martyrdom, since the ways out of Kufa were blocked, he disguised as the enemy's clothes and left [[Kufa]] in their company.<ref>Kamaraʾī, ''ʿUnṣur-i shujāʿat'', vol. 3, p. 3.</ref> He then joined Imam Hussain in [[Karbala]].

On the day of [[Ashura]], he injured and killed some enemies during the battle.<ref>Samāwī, ''Ibṣār al-ʿayn'', vol. 1, p. 199. Jump up↑</ref> He was martyred in the first battle on Ashura.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''al-Manāqib'', vol. 3, p. 232.</ref> It is said that he declaimed the following during the battle:

Prepare for Malik Dargham

The blow of a young man who defends dignified people

He hopes for a full reward from God<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, ''al-Manāqib'', vol. 3, p. 253.</ref>

The Exalted, the Owner, and the Omniscient.<ref>''Maʿa al-rakb al-Ḥusaynī'', vol. 4, p. 170.</ref>

Peace is sent to him in the Ziarat al-Shuhada<ref>Ibn al-Mashhadī, ''al-Mazār al-kabīr'', p. 494.</ref>' as well as in al-Ziarat al-Rajabiyya for Imam Hussain<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', vol. 2, p. 714.</ref> as this: "peace be upon Darghama b. Malik".

==Source==

*[https://en.wikishia.net/view/Darghama_b._Malik WikiShia, An online encyclopedia of the school of Ahl al-Bayt]

==References==
[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Historical Characters]]
[[Category:Imam Hussain’s Companions]]
[[Category:Martyrs of Karbala]]
[[fa:ضرغامه ‌بن‌ مالک تغلبی‌]]
<references />{{Companions of Imam al-Hussain}}

Ibn Nemaye Helli

2022-01-02T12:12:45Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox academic
| name = Ibn nama Hilli
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =567 AH
| birth_place =Helle near Furat river
| death_date =645 َAH
| death_place =Najaf, Iraq
| nationality =Iraqi
| occupation =
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| influences =
| workplaces =
| main_interests =
| notable_works =Muthir al-Ahzan
| notable_ideas =
| influenced =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| footnotes =
}}'''Ibn Nemaye Hilli (Nama Hilli)''' (Arabic: محمد بن جعفر بن نَما) (567-645 AH) a great Shi’i scholar of the 6th and 7th centuries, was the author of [[Muthir al-ahzan wa munir subul al-ashjan|Muthir al-Ahzan]].

== Biography ==
Najm al-Dīn Jaʿfar b. Muḥammad b. Jaʿfar b. Hibat Allāh b. Namā al-Ḥillī (Arabic: نجم الدین جعفر بن محمد بن جعفر بن هبة الله بن نما الحلي) was born around 567 AH, in Helle near Furat river and he passed away around 645 AH in Najaf in Iraq. He is a great scholar of the 6th and 7th centuries. Allameh-Al-Helli was one of his students. His father, Najib al-Din Muhammad b. Ja'far b. Hibat Allah, was one of the greatest religious trainers and Imami scholar of fiqh of those eras.

== Education ==
He was trained by these scholars and teachers:

* Abo Al Faraj Ibn Ravandi
* Ibn Edris Helli
* Mohammad Ibn Jafar Mashhadi
* Ab’dol Ro’asa Hob Allah Ibn Hamed
* Borhan Al Din Mohammad qazvini
* Jafar Ibn Nama (his father)

== Students ==

* Mohaghegh Helli
* Allame Helli
* Ali Ibn Hossain Ibn Hemad

== Books and Writings ==

* Muthir al-Ahzan
* Sharh Al Sar Fi’ Ahaval e Mokhtar ( Mokhtar’s Biography)
* Monhaj Al Shii”e Fi’ Faza’el Vasi’ Khatam sharii’at
* Some poems about Muslim’s prophet, Mohammad ( peace upon him) and his Ahl Al Bayt

== Source ==

* [https://en.shafaqna.com/53469/martyrdom-banu-hashim-karbala-described-ibn-nama-al-hilli/ Shia news association]

[[Category:Individuals]]
[[Category:Islamic Studies]]
[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Scholars]]
[[fa:ابن نما]]

Al-Lohoof ala Ghatli al-Tofoof

2022-01-02T11:55:07Z

Faraji:

{{Infobox book
| name = Al-Lohoof ala Ghatli al-Tofoof
| image =الهوف علی قتلی.jpg
| caption =
| alt =
| author = [[Seyed Ibn Tawoos]]
| title_orig =
| orig_lang_code =
| title_working =
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| language = Arabic
| series =
| subject =Maqtal
| genre = Islamic Historic
| published =
| publisher =
| media_type =
| pages =
| awards =
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
| wikisource =
| fulltext =

| En_title =
| translator =
| En_publisher =
| En_fulltext =
}}
'''Al-Lohoof ala Ghatli al-Tofoof''' (Arabic: اللهوف علی قتلی الطفوف) is a short and brief [[Maqtal]] that has been written by Ibn Tawoos to be used by pilgrims visiting [[Hussain ibn Ali|Imam Hussain]]’s tomb in [[Karbala]].

== About the author ==
[[Seyed Ibn Tawoos|Razi al-Din Abul-Qasim Syed Ali ibn Musa ibn Ja’far]] (589-664 AH), whose Kunya was Abul Qasim and his nickname was Tawoos<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/325599/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-589-%D9%80-664%D9%82-%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2-%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%91%D9%87 Rahi Abul Huseyni, Seyed ibn Tawus (589-664 LNY); Parcham Sabz Helleh, page 107]</ref> Was famous with the name Ibn Tawoos. He is among the few renowned Iammiyya men whose features are commonly agreed on by the ones who know the scholars, main Hadith narrators and main rijals.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/257543/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88 Mahdi Ahmadi, Etebar Doahaye Ibn Tawoos Az Negah Ou, page 190]</ref>

Seyed Tafreshi praising Ibn Tawoos writes in Naghd al-Rijal: "he is among the great and trustworthy ones of the tribe. He is a noble and honorable man. He knows many narratives (revayat) by heart, and his speeches are clear. His mood while saying prayers is beyond description."<ref name=":0">[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tasoos, Al-Lohoof Ala Ghatli, translator (Ahmad Qahri Zanjani)’s introduction, page 5]</ref>

Ibn Tawus has many books among which the following ones can be mentioned: Sharhe Nahjul Balagha (explaining Nahjul Balagha), al-Taraef fi Mazaheb al-Tavaef, al-Abane fi Marefat Kotob al-Khazaneh, al-Ekhtiyarat men Ketab Abi Omar VA al-Zahed al-Motraz, al-Astefa fi al-Akhbar al-Moluk VA al-Kholafa.<ref name=":0" />

It is said that while writing his own books, Ibn Tawoos has benefited from 500 other books like a complete edition of [[Kamil-Al-Ziyarat|Kamel al-Ziyarat]] by [[Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummi|Ibn Quluyeh Qomi]] on which Abu Ja’far Toosi’s handwriting exists.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/257543/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88 Mahdi Ahmadi, Etebar Doahaye Ibn Tawoos Az Negah Ou, page 212-213]</ref> It is also reported that two-thirds of Ibn Tawoos’s library was filled with Sunni sources and books.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/325599/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-589-%D9%80-664%D9%82-%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2-%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%91%D9%87 Rahim Abul Husayni, Seyed ibn Tawoos, (589-664 LNY); Parcham Sabz Helleh, p. 107]</ref>

One of the main fields on which Ibn Tawoos has worked is prayers, pilgrimages and the rewards of the good deeds.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/257543/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88 Mahdi Ahmadi, Etebar Doahaye Ibn Tawoos Az Negah Ou, page 189]</ref> In the one hundred forty-second chapter of his book Kashf al-Muhajabah, written in 649 AH, he wrote that he had more than 60 volumes of prayer books. This number increased to more than seventy volumes in 662 AH slightly before his death.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/257543/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88 Mahdi Ahmadi, Etebar Doahaye Ibn Tawoos Az Negah Ou, page 211]</ref> Ibn Tawoos has written several books regarding prayers, for instance: al-Faraj Ba’ad al-Sheddat, Iqbal al-Amaal, Falah al-Sael VA Nejah al-Masael VA Mohej al-Da’avat VA Monhej al-Enayat.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/257543/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88 Mahdi Ahmadi, Etebar Doahaye Ibn Tawoos Az Negah Ou, page 190]</ref> About Lohoof, though, Ibn Tawoos introduces himself as the one who has collected it. <ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tasoos, Al-Lohoof Ala Ghatli p. 203]</ref>

== About the book ==
Al-Lohoof Ala Ghatli al-Tofoof or Ahi Souzan bar Mazar Shahidan (sighs of sorrow for the martyrs) is available with other titles like al-Malhoof Ala Ghatli al-Tofouf and al-Malhoof Ala Ahl al-Tofouf.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=8459944&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Esfandiari, Ketabshenasi Tarikhi Imam Husayn (the historical bibliography of Imam Husayn) page 52]</ref> Regarding the book's title, Ibn Tawoos writes: Al-Lohoof is a short and brief Maqtal that has been reported to be used by pilgrims visiting Imam Hussain's tomb in Karbala.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tasoos, Al-Lohoof Ala Ghatli p. 12]</ref>

Al-Lohoof, which is written in Arabic, was translated into Persian for the first time in Safaviyyeh Era by a scholar named Baha al-Din Muhammad ibn Mir Muhammad Baqir Husayni Naeeni Mukhtari (1080- 1140 AH).<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/292427/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C.%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81 Jalil Tajlil, Baha al-Din Muhammad Mukhtari, the first translator of Lohoof, page 3]</ref> This Maqtal has been translated several other times ever since<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/352238/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 Sayid Muhammad Kazim Tabatabaee, Sayed Hamid Moosavi, Etebar Sanji Kotob Maqatel Imam Husayn, page 5]</ref> and some of the translations in the primary centuries include:

* Lajh al-Alam va Hujjah al-Omam, translated by Mirza Reza Gholi Khan (1283 LNY)
* Translation by Ahmad ibn Salamah Najafi which is done under the order of someone called Ahmad Beigi
* Feiz al-Domou' ya Feyz al-Dam, translated by Vaghayeh Negar
* And among the later translations, the following ones can be named:
* Soognameh Karbala, translated by Muhammad Taher Dezfouli
* Translation of al-Lohoof, by Abd al-Rahim Aghighi Bakhshayeshi
* Translation by Abul Hasan Mir Abu Talebi with Sheikh Fars Tabrizan's introduction<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/292427/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C.%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81 Jalil Tajlil, Baha al-Din Muhammad Mukhtari, the first translator of Lohoof, pages 3-5]</ref>

In the introduction of al-Lohoof, ibn Tawoos describes his motivation for preparing the book like this: "what made me write this book more than anything was not needing to carry a Maqtal with me when going on pilgrimage in Ashura in Sayyid al-Shuhada's shrine. That is why I prepared this book and attached Mesba al-Zaer and Jenah al-Mosafer to it. What I have collected in this book is brief due to the pilgrims' lack of time, and yet it suffices to open the doors of sorrow to the readers and help the believers gain redemption. We have put valuable truth in these words and named it al-Lohoof ala Ghatli al-Tofouf."<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tasoos, Al-Lohoof Ala Ghatli al-Tofouf, pages 11-12]</ref>

Thus al-Lohouf has been written briefly to be used by Shias while travelling or going on pilgrimages; as a result, the chain of references and narrations (ravayat) are omitted, and only the last narrator or reference is mentioned. So this Maqtal cannot be seen as a thorough scientific book, and introducing it as the most reliable Maqtal<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=513654&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Gahzi Tabatabaee, Sayyid Muhammad Ali, Tahghigh Darbareh Aval Arbaeen Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (a research on Hadrat Sayyid al-Shuhada's first Arbaeen), page 7]</ref> It seems like an exaggeration.

It is believed that Ibn Tawoos wrote al-Lohoof when he was young.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=316450&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ali Davani, Naghd VA Barresi Maqatel Mojoud (Criticizing and studying the existing Maqatel) page 11]</ref> Ghazi Tabatabaee doubts it and says: "what Ibn Tawoos said appears to mean that the book is among his first works, not that he wrote it while he was young."<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=513654&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Gahzi Tabatabaee, Sayyid Muhammad Ali, Tahghigh Darbareh Aval Arbaeen Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (a research on Hadrat Sayyid al-Shuhada's first Arbaeen), page 7]</ref>

In the book, Ibn Tawoos gives general verdicts about many issues. Among these verdicts, the one that is of high significance is the issue of Imam Husayn's knowledge of his own [[martyrdom]]. In the beginning parts of the book, after Imam's conversation with Marvan in Medina and before the situation in Medina became clear, it is mentioned that: the writer of the book says: after research and studying the case, what becomes clear is the fact that Husayn was aware of the result of his works and what he did with complete certainty was his duty.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, p. 25]</ref> Then ibn Tawoos writes about his reasons.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, p. 25-30]</ref>

This attitude is more clearly mentioned and emphasized in some other parts of al-Lohoof by the author. For example, when Imam Husayn left Medina to go to Mecca, Ibn Tawoos writes: Imam Husayn replied to some believer jinns' offer to help Imam in this way:

How can these miserable men be examined and tested if I stay in my city and country? And who will replace me in my tomb? The place that was chosen for me by God when he was creating the earth and made it the shelter for Shias and our friends so that their prayers and deeds get accepted there, and their wishes come true and our Shias to live there and be safe in two worlds.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 67 and 68]</ref>

Despite this issue, at the end of the first part (Maslak) of the book, it is written that: one of the reasons that made Hussayn take his wives with himself is probably the fact that had he left them in Hejaz or another city, Yazid might have sent his men to take them captives or torture them to stop Husayn from defence and martyrdom.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 84]</ref>

Some narrations and claims made in al-Lohoof need more serious contemplation. For instance, in a part in the second chapter (Maslak), while narrating the event of Ashura, Ibn Tawoos writes about the conversation between two of the Imam Husayn’s tent’s guards: Barir was happy and smiling, and he was trying to make Abd al-Rahman laugh too. He told Barid: Barir, why do you laugh? He replied: my happiness originates from the fate we have before us. I swear to God that the distance between us and hugging Houris in paradise is fighting with these men for an hour.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 95,96]</ref>

== Abstract of the book ==
Ibn Tawoos has put al-Lohoof in four parts. The book begins with the author’s introduction about the significance and value of mourning and crying for Imam Husayn. He mentions a saying from Imam Sadiq in this regard: "anyone who has his eyes full of tears while remembering us, even if the tear is as tiny as a fly's wing, then God will forgive all his sins; even if his sins are as big as the sea."<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 10, 11]</ref>

The first chapter (Maslak) of al-Lohoof mentions the things that took place before the battle of Karbala. In this part, describing the significance of the [[battle of Karbala]] and Imam Husayn’s martyrdom, ibn Tawoos writes: Hadith narrators said: a year after Husayn’s birth, twelve angles came to the [[Prophet Muhammad|Prophet]] and said: "Ya Muhammad Husayn, Fatemeh’s son, will receive what Cain received from Abel."<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 15, 16]</ref>

The second chapter of Maslak al-Sani, entitled "describing the battle and what was close to that," describes the events in Karbala and Imam Husayn’s martyrdom.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 85-141]</ref> The third chapter of the book, entitled al-Maslak al-Sales, is about the events that took place after the martyrdom of Imam.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 142-210]</ref> This part of the book contains the description of events and notes that were not written about much in the previous Maqtals, for instance, the sermons.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/352238/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 Sayyid Muhammad Kadhim Tabatabaee, Sayyid Muhammad Musavi, Etebar Sanji Kotob Maqatel Imam Husayn (validation of Maqatel Imam Husayn) page 5]</ref>

== The value and significance of the book ==
Regarding the importance and significance of al-Lohoof, Ibn Tawoos writes at the end of the book that anybody who learns about its order and name can tell its superiority over the other books in its category; although it is brief.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, al-Lohoof ala Ghatli, page 211]</ref>

It is also possible that Ibn Tawoos prepared al-Lohoof using other Maqtals and books written about the battle of Karbala up to the sixth Hijri century; this is highly probable because Ibn Tawoos had the library of Sheykh Tousi, and according to some researchers, Sheykh Tousi has a book entitled Maqtal al-Husayn which is lost.<ref>[http://ensani.ir/fa/article/352238/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 Sayyid Muhammad Kadhim Tabatabaee, Sayyid Hamid Musavi, Etebar Sanji Kotob Maqatel Imam Husayn (validation of Maqatel Imam Husayn) page 6]</ref>

Ghazi Tabatabaee knows Ibn Tawoos’s narrations in al-Lohoof highly reliable and even believes that no book among the Maqtals equals with it in terms of reliability and validity, and the book is among the first reliable Maqtals.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=513654&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Gahzi Tabatabaee, Sayyid Muhammad Ali, Tahghigh Darbareh Aval Arbaeen Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (a research on Hadrat Sayyid al-Shuhada's first Arbaeen), page 7]</ref>

Ali Davani, on the other hand, believes that the book's content has been changed through time, and unpleasant and unreliable information has entered it which are not by the author. Moreover, Davani mentioned another possibility as well. Ibn Tawoos did not have enough expertise while writing the book since he wrote it in his early adulthood, and his competence in research, history, and hadith then was not like that in his later years of life; as a result,,, al-Lohoof is like its initial format.<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=316450&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ali Davani, Naghd VA Barresi Maqatel Mojoud (Criticizing and studying the existing Maqatel) page 11]</ref>

Some other researchers have categorized al-Lohoof in the story, literary and Rawzeh group; they believe the book has a general, effective and energetic text<ref>[http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=221271&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Rasool Ja’farian, about the resources of Ashura History, page 22]</ref> which is a historical story-like narration of the battle of Karbala and Imam Husayn’s martyrdom.<ref>[https://www.magiran.com/paper/2291898 Narges Ansari and Zahra Salimi, Maqtal Negari Arabi va Farsi (Writing Maqtals in Arabic and Persian) page 4]</ref>

== Sources ==

* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=611663&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ibn Tawoos, Ali ibn Moosa, al-Lohoof Ala Ghatli al-Tofouf or Ahi Souzan Bar Mazareh Shahidan, translator: Ahmad Fahri Zanjani. Tehran: Jahan, 1353]
* [http://ensani.ir/fa/article/292427/%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C.%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85-%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%81 Jalil Tajlil, Baha al-Din Muhammad Mukhtari, the first translator of Lohoof, faculty of literature and human sciences, University of Tehran, 1386, number 183]
* [http://ensani.ir/fa/article/325599/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-589-%D9%80-664%D9%82-%D9%BE%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%85-%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2-%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%91%D9%87 Rahim Abul Husayni, Seyed ibn Tawoos, (589-664 LNY); Parcham Sabz Helleh, Andishe Taghrib magazine, number 28, year 7, fall 1390]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=221271&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Rasool Ja’farian, Darbareh Manabe’ Tarikhe Ashura (about the resources of Ashura History), Aeeneh Pajouhesh magazine, number 72, the year 1380]
* [http://ensani.ir/fa/article/66615/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-%D9%88-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3 Reza Ostadi, Eshtebahi Bozorg Az Mirza Muhammad Khan Ghazvini Darbareh Ibn Tawoos VA Ibn Ashenas (a big mistake by Mirza Muhammad Khan Ghazvini about Ibn Tawoos and Ibn Nashenas) Noor Magazine, number 3, 1363]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=316450&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ali Davani, Naghd VA Barresi Maqatel Mojoud (Reviewing the existing Maqatel)]
* [http://ensani.ir/fa/article/352238/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85 Sayyid Muhammad Kadhim Tabatabaee, Sayyid Hamid Musavi, Etebar Sanji Kotob Maqatel Imam Husayn (validation of Maqatel Imam Husayn). Ayat Boustan (Pajouhesh Nameh Ma’aref Hussaini), number 1, year 1, spring 1395]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=513654&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Ghazi Tabatabaee, Sayyid Muhammad Ali, Tahghigh Darbareh Aval Arbaeen Hazrat Sayyid al-Shuhada (research on Hadrat Sayyid al-Shuhada's first Arbaeen), Tehran; publishing organization of ministry of culture and Islamic guidance, 1385]
* [http://opac.nlai.ir/opac-prod/search/briefListSearch.do?command=FULL_VIEW&id=8459944&pageStatus=1&sortKeyValue1=sortkey_title&sortKeyValue2=sortkey_author Esfandiari, Ketabshenasi Tarikhi Imam Husayn (the historical bibliography of Imam Husayn), second edition. Tehran, Arma Publication, 1400]
* [http://ensani.ir/fa/article/257543/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%88 Mahdi Ahmadi, Etebar Doahaye Ibn Tawoos Az Negah Ou (the value of ibn Tawoos prayers in his view) Oloum Hadith magazine, number 49 and 50, fall and winter 1387]
* [https://www.magiran.com/paper/2291898 Narges Ansari and Zahra Salimi, Maqtal Negeri Arabi VA Farsi az Vagheiat ta Khial (Writing Maqtals in Arabic and Persian from reality to the imagination) (studying a single item: Maqtal al-Lohoof VA Rowzeh Shuhada). Kavosh name Adabiat Tatbighi, Razi University, eleventh period, number 42, summer 1400]

== References ==
[[Category:Books]]
[[Category:Written Works]]
[[Category:Works]]
[[Category:Ancient books]]
[[fa:الملهوف على قتلى الطفوف]]